无机高分子絮凝剂聚硫酸铁合成条件的研究

实验研究了以工业硫酸亚铁及废硫酸为原料,分别采用NaClo_3、KClO_3、H_2O_2及(o_2+NaNO_2)为氧化剂成聚硫酸铁的条件。在以(O_2+NaNO_2)为氧化剂的合成过程中,发现添加微量助催化剂(型号为HG-1、HG-2和HG-3),对提高合成速度及反应过程的稳定性具有重大作用。     

凝汽器铜管FeSO4镀膜监测系统的开发

为了减缓凝汽器铜管的腐蚀，通常采用FeSO4造膜保护，而FeSO4膜质量很难控制，作者通过凝汽器铜管FeSO4镀膜成膜工艺，影响因素的深入研究，建立了以电化学响应为特征的镀膜控制系统，选择了相应的传感器，形成以计算机处理为核心的监测系统，应用表明，该系统方便，可靠。     

Hydrolysis of Fe(OH)SO4 in the presence of metallic iron

Hydrolysis of Fe(OH)SO₄ was carried out in the presence of metallic iron in order to prevent the formation of iron(III) oxides with strongly bonded sulphate. Under the conditions of the experiment, the products were found to be mixtures of ?-Fe₂O₃ and α-FeOOH. The occluded sulphate, if any, could be easily washed out with water. The hydrolysis reaction passes through an equilibrium state before coming to completion. The entropy with enthalpy of the hydrolysis corresponding to the equilibrium state were found to be 4 e.u. and 0·5 kJ/mol, respectively. The activation energy of the hydrolysis reaction was found to be 21 kJ/mol.     

硫酸铵-氯化亚锡-孔雀绿体系浮选分离铂

研究了在盐酸介质中硫酸铵存在下氯化亚锡—孔雀绿—水体系浮选分离铂的方法。在最佳实验条件下，铂的浮选率可达100．0％，并与常见贱金属完全分离。     

废电解液除杂制取硫酸铜和粗镍

介绍了废电解液除杂制取硫酸铜和粗镍的主要工艺条件及试验结果。在废电解液中加入CH80调节pH值到一定范围后,再加入CH64将电解液中Fe2+等杂质除去,铁的去除率可达到94%～98%。然后向滤液中加入CH80调节pH值沉淀铜。过滤后的滤饼用H2SO4溶解后再结晶,可得到CuSO4·5H2O晶体。滤液中加入Na2CO3沉淀镍,过滤后的滤饼即为粗镍(NiCO3)。铜和镍的回收率分别达96%和90%。该流程简单,投资少,效益高,环境保护好,在工业上有较广的应用前景。     

Investigation of Scale Formation in Heat Exchangers of Phosphoric Acid Evaporator Plants

The primary problem in concentrating phosphoric acid is due to fouling on the tube‐side of the heat exchangers of the evaporator units. Scaling on the heat transfer surfaces occurs because of high supersaturation of phosphoric acid liquor with respect to calcium sulphate. A review of the existing literature reveals that no information is available on heat transfer and on crystallization fouling of industrial phosphoric acid solutions. In this investigation, the solubility of different calcium sulphate types in phosphoric acid solution was studied and its dependency on acid concentration and temperature was investigated. A large number of fouling experiments were carried out in a side‐stream of a phosphoric acid plant at different flow velocities, surface temperatures and concentrations to determine the mechanisms, which control the deposition process. After identifying the effects of operational parameters on the deposition process, a model was developed for prediction of fouling resistances. The reaction of calcium sulphate crystallization followed a second order rate with respect to the supersaturation. The activation energy evaluated for the surface reaction of the deposit formation was found to be 57 kJ/mol. The predicted fouling resistances were compared with the experimental data. Quantitative and qualitative agreement between measured and predicted fouling rates is good.     

D_2EHDTPA萃取铟的热力学研究

报道了用二 (2 乙基己基 )二硫代磷酸为萃取剂 ,以正庚烷为稀释剂萃取铟的热力学研究。在In2 (SO4 ) 3+Na2 SO4 +D2 EHDTPA +n C7H1 6 +H2 O体系中 ,在温度 2 78.15～ 3 0 3 .15K和离子强度 0 .1～ 2 .0mol·kg- 1 范围内 ,以Na2 SO4 为支持电解质 ,测定了萃取平衡水相中In3+浓度和pH值。计算了萃取反应的标准平衡常数K0 ,并得到经验公式logK0 =43 .93 -5 3 68.5 4 T -0 .0 699T ,同时计算了萃取反应的其他热力学量 ,并指出了焓和熵都是此萃取过程的推动力     

硫酸铀酰印迹离子交换树脂的合成及识别特性研究

为进行稀溶液中铀的浓缩,以硫酸铀酰为模板、二乙基烯丙基胺为功能单体,在水中采用自组装分子印迹技术制备了硫酸铀酰印迹离子交换树脂.对树脂合成条件进行了优化,研究了pH值对吸附量的影响、分子印迹聚合物MIPs-4的等温吸附与吸附动力学、柱内吸附与淋洗曲线等树脂识别性能.结果表明:印迹树脂对硫酸铀酰的吸附性能比非印迹树脂好,可以在pH=1～6范围内应用,并在pH为2左右时吸附能力最强.MIPs-4树脂的吸附等温线为"优吸"型,吸附在约3h达到平衡.当C0=0.125mg·mL-1时,Kd=0.249L·g-1.吸附液ρ(U)=1.0 mg·mL-1、接触时间4min进行的柱内试验得出MIPs-4的穿透体积、穿透容量和饱和容量分别为柱内树脂的床体积(BV)的22倍、21.6 mg·mL-1和36.2 mg·mL-1.以0.05 mol·L-1 H2SO4 1.0 mol·L-1 NaCl为淋洗液时,淋洗体积仅4BV,流出液中最大铀浓度达到17.6 mg·mL-1.印迹树脂的吸附和解吸性能好,可应用于低浓度铀的浓缩及含铀废水的处理.