高分子材料导热性能影响因素研究进展

介绍了高分子材料导热性能影响因素研究进展，重点阐释了聚合物基体的结构特性（链结构、分子间相互作用、取向、结晶度等）、导热填料（种类、含量、形态、尺寸等）以及制备方法等对高分子材料导热性能的影响。     

In vivo evaluation of a mucoadhesive polymeric caplet for intravaginal anti-HIV-1 delivery and development of a molecular mechanistic model for thermochemical characterization

Context and objective: The aim of this study was to develop, characterize and evaluate a mucoadhesive caplet resulting from a polymeric blend (polymeric caplet) for intravaginal anti-HIV-1 delivery.

Materials and methods: Poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid, ethylcellulose, poly(vinylalcohol), polyacrylic acid and modified polyamide 6, 10 polymers were blended and compressed to a caplet-shaped device, with and without two model drugs 3′-azido-3′-deoxythymidine (AZT) and polystyrene sulfonate (PSS). Thermal analysis, infrared spectroscopy and microscopic analysis were carried out on the caplets employing temperature-modulated DSC (TMDSC), Fourier transform infra-red (FTIR) spectrometer and scanning electron microscope, respectively. In vitro and in vivo drug release analyses as well as the histopathological toxicity studies were carried out on the drug-loaded caplets. Furthermore, molecular mechanics (MM) simulations were carried out on the drug-loaded caplets to corroborate the experimental findings.

Results and discussion: There was a big deviation between the T_g of the polymeric caplet from the T_g's of the constituent polymers indicating a strong interaction between constituent polymers. FTIR spectroscopy confirmed the presence of specific ionic and non-ionic interactions within the caplet. A controlled near zero-order drug release was obtained for AZT (20 d) and PSS (28 d). In vivo results, i.e. the drug concentration in plasma ranged between 0.012–0.332?mg/mL and 0.009–0.256?mg/mL for AZT and PSS over 1–28 d.

Conclusion: The obtained results, which were corroborated by MM simulations, attested that the developed system has the potential for effective delivery of anti-HIV-agents.     

Effects of ethylene-octene copolymer (POE) on the brittle to ductile transition of high-density polyethylene/POE blends

Three kinds of ethylene-octene copolymers (POE) were melt-blended with high-density polyethylene (PE-HD) in different proportions. Detailed characterizations were conducted to analyze their structural differences of POE and its effects in toughening PE-HD. The higher molecular weight POE can improve the toughness of PE-HD. 60:40 PE-HD/POE is elongated to break up to 700% while impact strength is 84.7 kJ/m² at −30°C, which is 21-fold of PE-HD. In the brittle to ductile transition (BDT) during impact, the fracture mechanism changes from the crazing mode to the shear yield-plastic deformation mode. The BDT temperature decreases as the POE molecular weight and its content increase. The interface strength in tension is estimated to access their effects. The Boltzmann-type models were successfully extended to describe the typical S-shaped curves in BDT of notched impact strength vs POE content or temperature. The supplementary decay model is suggested for the attenuation in toughening. Transition map in impact is proposed to select the use range of composition (c ) and temperature (T ) for high toughness. The curves are converted into 3D graph of T -c -impact strength for illustrating their coupling-separate effects, and further into the contour map of impact strength in T -c space for finding their partial equivalence.     

从7-ADCA生产过程中环境友好的回收苯乙酸

采用新工艺回收7-氨基-3-脱乙酰氧基头孢烷酸(7-ADCA)生产中产生的苯乙酸,并对苯乙酸回收过程中产生的废硫酸进行处理。采用硫酸(9 8%)洗涤二氯甲烷,硫酸与二氯甲烷适宜的体积比为1∶50,洗涤好的二氯甲烷中含苯乙酸4%。蒸馏出二氯甲烷,趁热向熔融苯乙酸中加入母液,降温析出苯乙酸。晾干的苯乙酸为白色鳞片状,含量大于99%,苯乙酸母液补充部分清水套用到下一批析出苯乙酸。废浓硫酸用芬顿试剂氧化,控制80℃氧化4h,双氧水和七水硫酸亚铁重量比为6∶1,废浓硫酸COD下降85%以上。氧化结束后向废硫酸中加入铁粉和双氧水,制得聚合硫酸铁。     

对海水进行混凝除浊预处理研究

介绍采用聚合氯化铁（PFC）为絮凝剂，对海水进行混凝除浊预处理方法。考察了原海水pH、搅拌速度、反应时间及PFC用量对海水预处理效果的影响。结果表明，在原海水pH凋至9．0，搅拌速度控制在200min^-1，反应时间选择8—10min，PFC用量0．10μg／g的最佳条件下，能使处理后的海水浊度降至0．05mol／L，而联产的酸性废水中和剂浆料中Mg（OH）2含量在25％～45％，大肠菌群的去除率大于89．3％。     

含锌离子的聚硅硫酸铝的合成及性能研究

采用一步法制备聚硅硫酸铝絮凝剂合成了含锌离子的聚硅硫酸铝并研究了其性能.含锌离子絮凝剂是一种无毒高效的絮凝剂,且絮凝效果优良,锌离子含量对絮凝剂性能影响很大.     

高分子表面活性剂对超声辐照下苯乙烯乳液聚合的影响

在超声辐照引发苯乙烯乳液聚合中加入一种新型的以羧甲基纤维素为基础的高分子表面活性剂(CMC—A9)，讨论了高分子表面活性剂对反应动力学的影响。实验表明，超声辐照下初级自由基并非由通常认为的高分子表面活性剂产生，而是十二烷基硫酸钠在超声辐照下断裂，产生自由基。通过对反应动力学的研究，发现超声辐照下乳液聚合机理不同于常规乳液聚合，聚合反应过程只有两个阶段，即加速期和减速期，不存在恒速期。加入CMC—A9高分子表面活性剂，可以在较短的时间内和较低的超声功率下达到较高的单体转化率。     

在二(2-乙基己基)磷酸钠的微乳液中金属萃合物对水增溶的影响

测算了由二（2－乙基己基）磷酸钠，金属盐（CoSO4,NiSO4,ZnSO4,MgCl2或Cr(NO3)3)水溶液，正辛醇和正辛烷组成的微乳液中正辛醇从连续油相到界面的ΔGo→i^o和水的极限增容量φ'H2O。用金属萃取络合物反胶束的形成及其亲油性解释了金属离子对φ'H2O和ΔGo→i^o的影响。