Quantitative perceptual representation of prepositional semantics

In this paper we concentrate on spatial prepositions, more specifically we are interested here in projective prepositions (eg. in front of, to the left of) which have in the past been treated as semantically uninteresting. We demonstrate that projective prepositions are in fact problematic and demand more attention than they have so far been afforded; after summarising the important components of their meaning, we review the deficiencies of past and current approaches to the decoding problem; that is, predicting what a locative expression used in a particular situation conveys. Finally we present our own approach. Motivated by the shortcomings of contemporary work, we integrate elements of Lang's conceptual representation of objects' perceptual and dimensional characteristics, and the potential field model of object proximity that originated in manipulator and mobile robot path-finding.     

从认知角度看介词意义的多元性

介词在其空间概念的基础上通过隐喻性映射发展了介词的多义性,从而产生了大量丰富多彩的隐喻含义。从认知角度来探讨介词意义多元性的理据对英语教学,尤其是词汇教学具有重要的指导意义。     

Towards a cross-linguistically valid classification of spatial prepositions

This article proposes a classification for a subset of English spatial prepositions which is argued to have cross-linguistic validity by using it to classify a subset of Spanish spatial prepositions. The classification consists of a hierarchy of spatial relations where each node in the hierarchy satisfies a series of syntactic and semantic tests. These tests define properties which are then inherited uniformly throughout. Prepositions are assigned values from the lower nodes in the hierarchy either in the lexicon or through lexical rules. Similarities and differences between the spatial system of different languages can be described by appealing to the relations and lexical rules that the language allows. It is shown how the hierarchy is used for building a lexicon for the machine translation of spatial prepositions in a transfer-based system.     

通渭方言中的几个特殊介词

通过对通渭方言中"着"、"过"、"投"、"投到"、"招(遭、刀、交)"、"搭"、"连"、"赶"、"赶比"等几个特殊介词的意义和语法特点进行分析与描述,总结了通谓方言的语法特点。     

浅谈科技俄语的翻译技巧

探讨了科技俄语中定义、定理、定律,前置词、连接词、动名词、形动词、副动词以及科技俄语中专业术语的翻译.     

基于CLEC语料库的大学英语四、六级学习者介词错误分析

在差错分析及中介语理论的基础上，文章将对中国英语学习者的介词错误进行了讨论。研究中使用了“中国英语学习者语料库”（CLEC），将语料库中四级与六级语言程度的学习者作为研究主体，讨论了英语四、六级中最常用介词的种类；学习者的不当介词使用，以及四、六级常用介词的错误类型。文章还对简单介词错误背后的因素进行了讨论，并给出了对于中国英语作为第二语言教学实践的启示。     

英汉机器翻译中英语单双重介词汉译

面向英汉机器翻译,提出改进的介词语义模式相关概念和单重介词扩展形式,构建英语单双重介词语义模式库,提出一种基于语义模式扩展的英语单双重介词语义分析和汉译算法。将该算法与单双重介词固定搭配语义模式库、介词相关句式语义模式库、一般双重介词语义模式库和特殊单双重介词语义模式库相结合,对英语单双重介词进行总体语义分析和汉译。实验表明,利用该方法能有效解决一般文体和体育体裁中的英语单双重介词汉译的问题。     

A Network for Encoding,Decoding and Translating Locative Prepositions

In general, the spatial relationship between two objects can be roughly expressed by a locative expression of the form ‘noun-preposition-noun’. The mapping from preposition to meaning is context sensitive; for example, the preposition ‘on’ expresses different spatial relationships in the phrases ‘house on lake’ and ‘plate on table’. While very accurate selection of the proper sense of a preposition depends on the broad context, the immediate context (the two nouns) can often lend enough information to make a reasonable judgement. Back-propagation is used to train a feed-forward network to associate locative prepositions with semantic representations using several contexts (noun pairs). After training, the network can produce a core meaning for each preposition; this prototype meaning can be altered by the influence of the nouns, even for pairs which are not included in the training set. A toy example of machine translation of prepositions is presented in which two networks are trained, one using English prepositions, the other using German prepositions. After successful training of the two networks, attempts were made at translating from one language to the other.