“菜鸟“小议

近年来,"菜鸟"作为一个新兴词语在网络上广为流传,甚至波及到社会生活的方方面面.通过语素分析和近义比较,可以来考察此词的读音和意义.     

What's the use of being happy? Mood states, useful objects, and repetition priming effects.

Two experiments involving 99 undergraduate participants sought to examine the influence of mood states on encoding speed within lexical decision and pronunciation tasks. Mood states were measured naturalistically in Experiment 1 and manipulated in Experiment 2. Stimuli consisted of nouns representing useful (e.g., food) and nonuseful (e.g., lint) objects. Mood states had no implications for initial encoding speed. However, when the same words were presented a 2nd time (i.e., repeated), happy individuals displayed a tendency to encode useful words faster than nonuseful ones. Thus, mood states influenced repetition priming on the basis of stimulus valence. The authors propose that happiness sensitizes individuals to useful or rewarding objects, which in turn creates a stronger memory trace for such stimuli in the future. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

一种汉语方言编码与转换机制的研究

回顾了汉语拼音方案的组成和特点,分析了方言编码的可行性。引入二进制编码方式对汉字发音进行编码。编码序列包括了声母、韵母、音调、儿化音等编码部分。建立了方言音、修饰音、标准音之间的转换关系。以湘汨地区的方言为例,详细论述了方言编码和转换的过程。以人工代谢算法作为寻优策略,结合特定语言环境,将方言音转换成标准音。通过实例分析论述了该方案的可行性和合理性。     

汉语拼音复韵母 ao、iao 与日语汉字读音的对应关系

试从汉语的韵母入手,找出汉语拼音复韵母ao、iao和日语音读的对应关系,从而提高日语学习者记忆单词的效率以及增加掌握汉字读音的准确率。本研究表明,在汉语中辅音和韵母ao组词的汉字,日语一般都将它们读成オ段长音。而在汉语中辅音和复韵母iao组词的汉字,日语吴音汉音一般都读作オ段拗长音。另外,因为辅音j、q、x不能和复韵母ao相拼读,只能和复韵母iao相拼读,一般日语吴音读做オ段拗长音,汉音读做オ段长音,个别读作入声音。     

基于动态PSO的WSNs发音节点定位研究

发音节点定位是无线传感器网络(WSN)一项重要的监控任务.为定位发音节点位置的极大似然估计解(MLE),通过分析栅格策略,基于此提出了动态粒子群优化(PSO)的算法,该算法在降低计算量的同时,减少了损失函数局部最优解的影响.另外,相对于原始数据,节点仅仅将信号的能量量测发送到融合中心,大大降低了对通信带宽和能量的消耗.在多种场景下进行了对比仿真,实验结果验证了该算法的优越性能.     

针对发音质量评测的声学模型优化算法

在发音质量评测研究中,传统仅用发音标准的数据进行声学建模,难以描述实际测试面临的非标准发音,使得训练与测试的失配在所难免。针对上述问题,该文提出一种利用覆盖各种发音的数据,根据最小化机器分与人工分均方误差准则进行声学模型优化的算法。实验在普通话水平考试现场3 685份数据(其中498份测试,3 187份训练)上进行。实验表明采用优化算法得到的针对发音质量的评测声学模型相比传统建模方式得到的声学模型有显著的优势。     

普通话发音评估性能改进

为减少噪声环境对评估性能的影响,该文将PNCC参数引入普通话发音评估。结果表明,其评分相关性在普通话测试实录音数据库上较传统MFCC参数提高了6.6%。在此基础上,对汉语声学模型拆分方法进行了研究,提出将声母介音+韵母模型拆分方法应用到发音评估中。使用这种拆分方式的评估系统总错误率降低5.6%,专家打分相关性则提高了0.056。该文还对模型最佳状态数的选取进行讨论,并提出模型状态数混合和不同配置综合评分两种混合评分方案,在相关性上较同等条件下3状态模型分别提高了0.021和0.017。     

A Dialectal Chinese Speech Recognition Framework

A framework for dialectal Chinese speech recognition is proposed and studied, in which a relatively small dialectal Chinese (or in other words Chinese influenced by the native dialect) speech corpus and dialect-related knowledge are adopted to transform a standard Chinese (or Putonghua, abbreviated as PTH) speech recognizer into a dialectal Chinese speech recognizer. Two kinds of knowledge sources are explored: one is expert knowledge and the other is a small dialectal Chinese corpus. These knowledge sources provide information at four levels: phonetic level, lexicon level, language level, and acoustic decoder level. This paper takes Wu dialectal Chinese (WDC) as an example target language. The goal is to establish a WDC speech recognizer from an existing PTH speech recognizer based on the Initial-Final structure of the Chinese language and a study of how dialectal Chinese speakers speak Putonghua. The authors propose to use context-independent PTH-IF mappings (where IF means either a Chinese Initial or a Chinese Final), context-independent WDC-IF mappings, and syllable-dependent WDC-IF mappings (obtained from either experts or data), and combine them with the supervised maximum likelihood linear regression (MLLR) acoustic model adaptation method. To reduce the size of the multi-pronunciation lexicon introduced by the IF mappings, which might also enlarge the lexicon confusion and hence lead to the performance degradation, a Multi-Pronunciation Expansion (MPE) method based on the accumulated uni-gram probability (AUP) is proposed. In addition, some commonly used WDC words are selected and added to the lexicon. Compared with the original PTH speech recognizer, the resulting WDC speech recognizer achieves 10-18% absolute Character Error Rate (CER) reduction when recognizing WDC, with only a 0.62% CER increase when recognizing PTH. The proposed framework and methods are expected to work not only for Wu dialectal Chinese but also for other dialectal Chinese languages and even other languages.     

论拼音内码

本文指出现行的汉字编码在现实应用中的缺陷,提出编号内码和拼音内码的概念,并首次提出以拼音字母作内码的汉字拼音内码方案。     

思维导图辅助高职普通话教学的实验研究

通过对两个平行班的普通话测试成绩和等级加以定量分析对比,以及师生访谈和问卷调查进行定性分析,验证了思维导图辅助普通话教学的应用效果.实验结果表明：普通话教学思维导图有助于提高记忆、提取和再现正音字词;有助于提高整理思维和语言组织的能力;有助于培养学生自主学习的能力,对促进高职学生普通话水平提高有积极作用.