TiO2／浮石复合材料降解印染废水的研究

以长白山天然浮石为载体,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备TiO2光催化剂,并用制备的光催化剂处理罗丹明B溶液和印染废水．研究了制备TiO2／浮石光催化剂时涂覆次数和光照时间、氧化剂及被处理液pH值对罗丹明B和工业废水降解效果的影响．结果表明：当用焙烧温度为500℃、涂覆4次制备的TiO2／浮石光催化剂处理罗丹明B10h时,脱色率可达76．67％;当印染废水pH值为2,再加入30％H2O2时,印染废水脱色率可达到89．10％．     

Experimental and theoretical study for the determination of thermal conductivity of porous building material made with pumice and tragacanth

In this study, porous solid materials were produced with mixture combinations of materials such as tragacanth, cement, and pumice aggregate. Thermal conductivities of the produced materials were determined using hot wire methodology. The thermal conductivities of the produced samples ranged from 0.433 to 0.177 W/mK, depending on pumice diameter, pumice, tragacanth, and cement rates. A new model was developed to determine the effective thermal conductivities of the produced samples. The thermal conductivities obtained by the measurements were compared to the ones predicted by the model. The predicted values deviated as 1–31% from the measured values. It was finally shown that the experimental results were in good agreement to the predicted results.     

Latent heat energy storage characteristics of building composites of bentonite clay and pumice sand with different organic PCMs

In the present work, six new kinds of building composite PCMs (BCPCMs), PS/octadecane, BC/octadecane, PS/CA–MA, BC/CA–MA, PS/PEG1000, and BC/PEG1000 composites, were prepared by using vacuum impregnation method. The maximum percent of PCM in the composites was assigned to be 12, 13, 18, 23, 30, and 42 wt%, respectively. The form‐stable BCPCMs were characterized using SEM, FT‐IR, DSC, and TG analysis techniques. The characterization results showed the existence of homogenous dispersion of the PCM into the PBM matrixes. The DSC measurements indicated that the melting temperatures of the form‐stable BCPCMs are in the range of 20–33°C while they have latent heats of melting in the range of about 28–55 J/g. These results make them promising BCPCMs for low temperature‐passive TES applications in buildings. Thermal cycling test indicated that the prepared BCPCMs have good thermal reliability and chemical stability. TG analysis proved that the prepared BCPCMs have good thermal durability. In addition, the thermal conductivity of BCPCMs was enhanced considerably by addition of expanded graphite (EG). The improvement in thermal conductivity of the BCPCMs caused appreciably reduction in their melting times. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Effects of particle size,bimodality and heat treatment on mechanical properties of pumice reinforced aluminum syntactic foams produced by cold chamber die casting

In recent years,metal matrix syntactic foams (MMSFs) have become highly attractive owing to their unique physical,microstructural and mechanical features.Due to their promising potential for different industrial areas like automotive,aviation,and defense,these advanced engineering materials can also be evaluated as serious alternatives to particle reinforced metallic composites and conventional metallic foams.Differently from previously reported laboratory scaled techniques in the literature,this experimental effort focuses on the feasibility of MMSF manufacturing via a fully automated and industrial-based cold chamber die casting technique.Accordingly,1–2 mm,2–4 mm,and bimodal (50vol.%) natural-based pumice filled aluminum syntactic foams were manufactured utilizing a purpose-made casting machine.Physical,macroscopic,and microscopic examinations show that all of the fabricated samples display perfect matrix/filler harmony.Average density levels of fabricated syntactic foams range between 1.50 and 1.80 g·cm^-3 depending upon the pumice particles size interval.To assess mechanical responses,quasi-static compression tests were performed.Furthermore,half of the foam samples were subjected to heat treatment to explore possible influences of aging on the compressive features and damage modes.Results indicate that although the heat treatment enhances the compressive strength,plateau stress,and energy absorption properties of the fabricated foams,it changes damage mode of the samples by causing brittle dominant deformation.     

Properties of pumice aggregate concretes at elevated temperatures and comparison with ANN models

The mechanical properties and thermal conductivity of concretes including pumice aggregate (PA) exposed to elevated temperature were analyzed by thermal conductivity, compressive strength, flexure strength, dynamic elasticity modulus (DEM) and dry unit weight tests. PA concrete specimens were cast by replacing a varying part of the normal aggregate (0–2 mm) with the PA. All concrete samples were prepared and cured at 23 ± 10C lime saturated water for 28 days. Compressive strength of concretes including PA decreased that reductions were 14, 19, 25 and 34% for 25, 50, 75 and 100% PA, respectively. The maximum thermal conductivity of 1.9382 W/mK was observed with the control samples containing normal aggregate. The tests were carried out by subjecting the samples to a temperature of 0, 100, 200, 300, 400 500, 600 and 700 °C for 3 h, then cooling by air cooling or in water method. The results indicated that all concretes exposed to a temperature of 500 and 700 °C occurred a significant decrease in thermal conductivity, compressive strength, flexure strength and DEM. An artificial neural network (ANN) approach was used to model the thermal and mechanical properties of PA concretes. The predicted values of the ANN were in accordance with the experimental data. The results indicate that the model can predict the concrete properties after elevated temperatures with adequate accuracy. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

钢筋浮石混凝土框架柱斜截面受剪承载力试验研究

本文在对19根浮石混凝土框架柱进行的试验研究中,通过变化剪跨比、轴压比、配筋率等因素,探讨其对浮石混凝土框架柱抗剪强度及延性的影响规律,提出了浮石混凝土框架柱抗剪强度计算公式.     

Kinetic study of 1,5-cyclooctadiene hydro-isomerization on Pd/pumice catalysts

A new route for obtaining 1,4-cyclooctadiene by catalytic isomerization of 1,5-cyclooctadiene at low temperature in presence of H₂ in a three-phase reactor is presented. Wei, Prater and Silvestri methods are used for the kinetic studies. A comparison of the activity-selectivity patterns of the Pd/pumice catalysts with Pd on silica and Pt and Pd–Pt on pumice catalysts is performed. Although Pt catalysts are not active in the hydro-isomerization of 1,5-cyclooctadiene, the presence of small amount of Pt in Pd/pumice catalysts increases the yield to 1,4-cyclooctadiene. Besides the catalyst characteristics, temperature and H₂ pressure influence the production of 1,4-cyclooctadiene. A mechanism of the process is proposed. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

不同排水材料对轻型种植屋面土壤热湿环境的影响

构建了由碎石、陶粒、玻璃轻石、HDPE和PVC排水板5种排水材料组成的佛甲草轻型种植屋面模拟试验平台(室内自然状态),测定了各材料处理土壤以及土壤底部空气的温、湿度。结果表明:土壤湿度在少雨季节受到不同排水材料的显著影响,而在雨量充沛的季节差异不显著。在干旱月份,与碎石处理相比,具有蓄水性能的4种排水材料(陶粒、玻璃轻石、HDPE和PVC排水板)有明显的抗旱优势,平均土壤湿度提高了约35%;然而,这4种材料的蓄水量大小对处理之间的土壤湿度没有显著影响;另外,材料的排水性能对土壤湿度有显著影响,通水量大的HDPE排水板在雨后初期土壤湿度显著小于其他材料。土壤(空气)温度没有受到材料蓄水性能的影响。轻型种植屋面土壤热湿环境的变化不完全由材料蓄水性能所决定;同时,其具有明显的保温(冬季夜间)隔热(全年白天)作用,且热工性能存在季节性和日内差异。     

混合骨料混凝土抗冻性能试验研究

通过混合骨料混凝土的快速冻融循环试验,研究了浮石替代率、聚丙烯纤维、冻融循环次数对混合骨料混凝土抗冻性能的影响.结果表明:相对动弹性模量随着浮石替代率增加而增加;对于一定范围浮石替代率的混凝土,聚丙烯纤维的掺入能够改善混凝土的抗冻性能,浮石替代率为30%,聚丙烯纤维掺量为0.9 kg/m3的混合骨料混凝土,质量损失最小...     

浮石混凝土与变形钢筋粘结锚固性能的研究

对浮石混凝土与变形钢筋粘结锚固性能进行试验研究。结合５６个拉拔试件的荷载－滑移Ｐ＿Ｓ）曲线的分析,提出了特征粘结－滑移（Ｔ－Ｓ）模式,统计回归出反映各种锚固条件的特征粘结强度公式。