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利用田间试验方法研究保护剂长残效除草剂解毒效应。不同保护剂对豆磺隆解毒效应有差异,作保灵解毒效应最明显,但在除草剂高残留量时解毒作用下降。作保灵对三种长残效除草剂都具有明显的解毒作用,作物的出苗率可恢复80%~100%。解毒效应顺序为油莱>白菜>甜菜。 相似文献
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M. A. Foster L. G. Kleine J. Moore 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》1993,70(12):1239-1240
Direct-seeding guayule (Parthenium argentatum Gray) in west Texas has been successful; however, seedlings grow slowly and are extremely susceptible to weed competition.
An effective preplant or preemergence herbicide is necessary for establishment. The objective of this study was to examine
the effects of preemergence herbicides on guayule stand establishment by direct seeding. Experiments were initiated on a Dalby
clay in 1991 and 1992 at the Texas Agricultural Experiment Station Guayule Research Site near Fort Stockton, Texas. Conditioned
guayule seed (Mexican Bulk) was planted 10 mm deep on raised beds with a Gaspardo SV255 pneumatic planter at 100 seeds/m.
The following herbicides were applied immediately after planting: dimethyl 2,3,5,6-tetrachloro-1,4-benzenedicarboxylate (DCPA)
[4.5, 9.0, 11.0 kg ai/ha (hectare)], pendimethalin [N-(1-ethylpropyl)-3,4-dimethyl-2,6-dinitrobenzenamine] (0.3, 0.6, 1.1 kg/ha) and prodiamine [N3,N3-Di-n-propyl-2,4-dinitro-6-(trifluoromethyl)-m-phenylenediamine] (0.3, 0.6, 1.1 kg/ha). Herbicides were applied in a 0.5-m band on each bed by using a CO2-powered backpack sprayer with a single-nozzle boom delivering 300 L/ha at 172 kPa pressure. The lowest rates of all herbicides
did not significantly reduce guayule stand density in 1991 when compared to the control. DCPA at 9.0 kg/ha was adequately
selective in both studies. Guayule stand reduction varied from only 2% with DCPA at 4.5 kg/ha in 1991, to 71% with 1.1 kg/ha
of pendimethalin in 1992. DCPA (4.5 and 9.0 kg/ha) would be recommended for preemergence weed control, depending on soil type,
when direct seeding guayule. Based on row spacing recommendations for transplants, at least three established seedlings/m
would be required for an acceptable guayule stand. Seeding rate could be reduced and still allow for effective preemergence
weed control. 相似文献
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Electrochemical destruction of chlorophenoxy herbicides by anodic oxidation and electro-Fenton using a boron-doped diamond electrode 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Enric Brillas Birame Boye José Antonio Garrido Conchita Arias Christos Comninellis 《Electrochimica acta》2004,49(25):4487-4496
The degradation of herbicides 4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid (4-CPA), 4-chloro-2-methylphenoxyacetic acid (MCPA), 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5-T) in aqueous medium of pH 3.0 has been comparatively studied by anodic oxidation and electro-Fenton using a boron-doped diamond (BDD) anode. All solutions are totally mineralized by electro-Fenton, even at low current, being the process more efficient with 1 mM Fe2+ as catalyst. This is due to the production of large amounts of oxidant hydroxyl radical (OH) on the BDD surface by water oxidation and from Fenton’s reaction between added Fe2+ and H2O2 electrogenerated at the O2-diffusion cathode. The herbicide solutions are also completely depolluted by anodic oxidation. Although a quicker degradation is found at the first stages of electro-Fenton, similar times are required for achieving overall mineralization in both methods. The decay kinetics of all herbicides always follows a pseudo first-order reaction. Reversed-phase chromatography allows detecting 4-chlorophenol, 4-chloro-o-cresol, 2,4-dichlorophenol and 2,4,5-trichlorophenol as primary aromatic intermediates of 4-CPA, MCPA, 2,4-D and 2,4,5-T, respectively. Dechlorination of these products gives Cl−, which is slowly oxidized on BDD. Ion-exclusion chromatography reveals the presence of persistent oxalic acid in electro-Fenton by formation of Fe3+-oxalato complexes, which are slowly destroyed by OH adsorbed on BDD. In anodic oxidation, oxalic acid is mineralized practically at the same rate as generated. 相似文献
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选取酰胺类、磺酰脲类、硫代氨基甲酸酯类、杂环类、脲类、苯氧羧酸类等常用化学除草剂,以超常规剂量用移液和喷雾两种方式对抛栽和直播籼、粳稻进行药剂试验。研究结果明确了各种除草剂对水稻的药害症状;籼粳稻对各药剂的敏感差异;以及清水冲洗、搁田、施肥等措施对某些除草剂品种造成的水稻药害的缓解作用。 相似文献
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以乙基磺酰基乙腈和丙二醛甲醇缩醛为起始原料,经五步反应得到除草剂砜嘧磺隆,并对砜嘧磺隆和中间体2-氯-3-乙基磺酰基吡啶、2-巯基-3-乙基磺酰基吡啶以及2-磺酰胺基-3-乙基磺酰基吡啶进行了1HNMR结构表征,证实了它们的结构. 相似文献
10.
微生物降解是磺酰脲类除草剂降解的重要途径之一。笔者对磺酰脲类除草剂微生物降解途径及影响微生物降解的因素进行了分析,对磺酰脲类除草剂微生物降解的研究现状做了简要综述,提出了微生物降解领域的发展趋势和有待解决的问题。 相似文献