Endothelial repair process and its relevance to longitudinal neointimal tissue patterns: comparing histology with in silico modelling

Re-establishing a functional endothelium following endovascular treatment is an important factor in arresting neointimal proliferation. In this study, both histology (in vivo) and computational simulations (in silico) are used to evaluate neointimal growth patterns within coronary arteries along the axial direction of the stent. Comparison of the growth configurations in vivo and in silico was undertaken to identify candidate mechanisms for endothelial repair. Stent, lumen and neointimal areas were measured from histological sections obtained from eight right coronary stented porcine arteries. Two re-endothelialization scenarios (endothelial cell (EC) random seeding and EC growth from proximal and distal ends) were implemented in silico to evaluate their influence on the morphology of the simulated lesions. Subject to the assumptions made in the current simulations, comparison between in vivo and in silico results suggests that endothelial growth does not occur from the proximal and distal ends alone, but is more consistent with the assumption of a random seeding process. This may occur either from the patches of endothelium which survive following stent implantation or from attachment of circulating endothelial progenitor cells.     

球囊扩张式血管支架介入对弯曲血管的生物力学损伤研究

构建了球囊扩张式血管支架介入系统的非线性有限元模型,考虑了血管斑块类型对其本构模型的影响,分析了A型与B型血管支架在血管狭窄率-24%、40%、50%,曲率半径-6 mm、10 mm、20 mm,狭窄血管的壁面应力分布规律,研究了血管支架构型、狭窄血管几何参数和血管生物力学损伤的关系。数值分析结果表明,血管壁面应力随着狭窄率的增加而显著升高,随着血管曲率半径的增加而下降相对平缓;但是,扩张加载阶段的血管壁面应力显著高于卸载阶段,易于引起血管斑块的脆性断裂引起血管生物力学损伤。由于A型血管支架相对于B型血管支架具有纵向柔顺性更优的联接筋构型,导致A型血管支架引起的血管壁面应力低于B型支架,因而降低了A型血管支架对于血管的生物力学损伤。     

Salvianolic acid B inhibits low‐density lipoprotein oxidation and neointimal hyperplasia in endothelium‐denuded hypercholesterolaemic rabbits

BACKGROUND: Atherosclerosis and restenosis are inflammatory responses involving free radicals and lipid peroxidation and may be prevented/cured by antioxidant‐mediated lipid peroxidation inhibition. Salvianolic acid (Sal B), a water‐soluble antioxidant obtained from a Chinese medicinal herb, is believed to have multiple preventive and therapeutic effects against human vascular diseases. In this study the in vitro and in vivo inhibitory effects of Sal B on oxidative stress were determined. RESULTS: In human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs), Sal B reduced oxidative stress, inhibited low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation and reduced oxidised LDL‐induced cytotoxicity. Sal B inhibited Cu²⁺‐induced LDL oxidation in vitro (with a potency 16.3 times that of probucol) and attenuated HAEC‐mediated LDL oxidation as well as reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. In cholesterol‐fed New Zealand White rabbits (with probucol as positive control), Sal B intake reduced Cu²⁺‐induced LDL oxidation, lipid deposition in the thoracic aorta, intimal thickness of the aortic arch and thoracic aorta and neointimal formation in the abdominal aorta. CONCLUSION: The data obtained in this study suggest that Sal B protects HAECs from oxidative injury‐mediated cell death via inhibition of ROS production. The antioxidant activity of Sal B may help explain its efficacy in the treatment of vascular diseases. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry     

188Re-MAG3的制备及动物体内评价

本工作着重研究了可用于PTCA(Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty)后冠状动脉再狭窄防治的放射性标记化合物^188Re-MAG3的制备,并与Na^188ReO4的小鼠体内生物分布加以比较。结果表明,在 TechneScan MAG3锝药盒中加入酒石酸亚锡,控制标记条件,^188Re-MAG3的标记率可大于98％。^188Re-MAG3在小鼠体内的血液清除明显快于Na^188ReO4,甲状腺和胃肠道吸收明显低于Na^188ReO4,标记物主要经肾脏通过尿液排出体外。为降低PTCA后冠脉再狭窄的发生率,与Na^188ReO4相比,^188Re-MAG3更适于临床应用。     

冠状动脉对称双路移植管中血流动力学的数值模拟

作为对传统单路动脉移植管旁通术的改进,提出了一种新的双路对称移植管旁通术的几何构型.采用有限元法数值模拟了新构型中生理真实的血液流动,得到并分析了1个心动周期内,缝合区附近血流动力学参数,如流形、压力和壁面剪应力等的时空分布情况.计算结果表明,双路对称移植管旁通比单路旁通具有更好的血流动力学特性,流场得到明显的改善,从而可以减小再狭窄的可能性.     

普罗布考对受损内皮细胞增殖和功能修复的促进作用1

目的 研究普罗布考对受损内皮细胞增殖和再生内皮细胞功能修复的影响。 方法 分别采用MTT 比色法和PCNA 免疫组化法测定体外培养的人脐静脉内皮细胞所处增殖状态;以兔胸主动脉血管环对乙酰胆碱舒张反应和内皮细胞分泌NO、PGI2 的能力评价内皮细胞功能状况。 结果 LPC 作用24 h可导致内皮细胞增殖显著受抑及分泌NO、PGI2 功能受损, 不同剂量普罗布考(20, 40, 80 μmol·L^-1) 可促进LPC 损伤的内皮细胞增殖(55.5 %, 59.3 %,72.2 % vs 31.7 %, P <0.01), 同时提高血管成型术后兔胸主动脉血管环内皮依赖性舒张功能(66.63 %vs 25.95 %, P <0.01), 并修复LPC 损伤的内皮细胞分泌NO、PGI2 的功能(P <0.01)。 结论 普罗布考可促进受损内皮细胞增殖和再生内皮细胞功能修复。     

Biocompatibility and Mechanical Stability of Nanopatterned Titanium Films on Stainless Steel Vascular Stents

Nanoporous ceramic coatings such as titania are promoted to produce drug-free cardiovascular stents with a low risk of in-stent restenosis (ISR) because of their selectivity towards vascular cell proliferation. The brittle coatings applied on stents are prone to cracking because they are subjected to plastic deformation during implantation. This study aims to overcome this problem by using a unique process without refraining from biocompatibility. Accordingly, a titanium film with 1 µm thickness was deposited on 316 LVM stainless-steel sheets using magnetron sputtering. Then, the samples were anodized to produce nanoporous oxide. The nanoporous oxide was removed by ultrasonication, leaving an approximately 500 nm metallic titanium layer with a nanopatterned surface. XPS studies revealed the presence of a 5 nm-thick TiO₂ surface layer with a trace amount of fluorinated titanium on nanopatterned surfaces. Oxygen plasma treatment of the nanopatterned surface produced an additional 5 nm-thick fluoride-free oxide layer. The samples did not exhibit any cracking or spallation during plastic deformation. Cell viability studies showed that nanopatterned surfaces stimulate endothelial cell proliferation while reducing the proliferation of smooth muscle cells. Plasma treatment further accelerated the proliferation of endothelial cells. Activation of blood platelets did not occur on oxygen plasma-treated, fluoride-free nanopatterned surfaces. The presented surface treatment method can also be applied to other stent materials such as CoCr, nitinol, and orthopedic implants.