Combating Biofilm Associated Infection In Vivo: Integration of Quorum Sensing Inhibition and Photodynamic Treatment based on Multidrug Delivered Hollow Carbon Nitride Sphere

Recently, quorum sensing (QS) inhibitors (QSIs) have been combined with antibiotics to enhance antibiofilm efficacy in vitro and in vivo. However, targeting QS signals alone is not enough to prevent bacterial infections. Drug resistance and recurrence of biofilms makes it difficult to eradicate. Herein, photodynamic therapy (PDT) is selected to unite QSIs and antibiotics. A synergistically antibiofilm system, which combines QSIs, antibiotics, and PDT based on hollow carbon nitride spheres (HCNSs) is envisaged. First, HCNS provides the multidrug delivering ability, enabling QSIs and antibiotics to be released in sequence. Subsequently, multistage releases sensitize bacteria effectively, potentiating the chemotherapeutic effects of the antibiotics. Finally, the integration of QSIs and PDT not only minimizes the possibility of drug resistance, but also overcomes the problem of limited mass and extension of PDT. Even after 48 h of incubation, the bacterial biofilm is obviously inhibited. And its biofilm disperse efficiency exceeds 48% (compared with QSI‐potentiated chemotherapy group) and 40% (compared with PDT group). Besides, the inhibition of the QS system influences phenotypes related to virulence factor production and surface hydrophobicity, which weaken biofilm invasion and formation. Eventually, this system is applied to disperse bacterial biofilm in vivo. Overall, PDT and QS modulation are devoted to eradicate drug resistance and recurrence of the biofilm.     

Assessing students' conceptual understanding using an online three‐tier diagnostic test

When solving a mathematical problem, students who do not have sufficient conceptual understanding may perform poorly and exhibit misconceptions. This study was aimed to examine students' conceptual understanding and significant misconceptions when solving number sense‐related problems. An online three‐tier diagnostic test was administered to 125 fifth‐grade students with varied socio‐economic backgrounds in Hong Kong. Only 14.40% of the students exhibited high performance with high confidence, indicating that these students had a profound conceptual understanding of number sense. In addition, the majority of the students (66.40%) did not demonstrate number sense; these students exhibited several significant misconceptions and could solve the questions only by using a rule‐based method or guessing. Accordingly, most students performed unsatisfactorily on number sense‐related problems. This study is imperative in identifying early predictors and provides information for further compatible interventions in the teaching and learning of number sense in Hong Kong in particular and worldwide in general.     

对技术定义的思索

技术的定义不是唯一的 ,可以从技术的来源、技术与科学的对应性、技术与人的关系、系统论几个不同的角度给技术下定义 ,这些定义从不同侧面揭示了技术的本质 ,各有各的用途 ,各有各的适用范围。这种给技术下定义的方法也为给其他概念下定义提供了有益的借鉴与启迪。     

Cognitive adaptation, psychological adjustment, and disease progression among angioplasty patents: 4 years later.

The long-term effects of the Cognitive Adaptation Theory Index (CATI) on psychological and physical health outcomes among men (n=199) and women (n=99) treated for coronary artery disease with percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty were examined. The CATI reflects a positive view of the self, a positive view of one's future, and a sense of personal control over daily life. This index was created from questionnaires administered during hospitalization for the initial angioplasty. Four years later, the CATI predicted positive adjustment to disease, even when initial adjustment was taken into consideration. In addition, the CATI predicted a reduced likelihood of sustaining a subsequent cardiac event over 4 yrs. This association was more robust for men. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

谈东方女性的美

东方女性是美的,这种美既包括内在美,又包括外在美,外在美主要表现为人体美、服饰美、风度美,内在美主要是指心灵美,主要表现为人生观、理想、性格、情操、修养等。     

月光之丽、变彩之奇的月光石

根据所藏月光石的光薄片鉴定研究，阐述了月光石的美学特征和产生原因。介绍了月光石的产出特征和相应的月光石文化，同时介绍了我国关于“和氏壁”属性与月光石关系的研究历史及现状。     

崇拜与征服──试论两性服装

男装和女装的区分，从根本上说，源于人类两性社会学意义上的分离，男女装的形成与发展，从一个侧面反映了人类文明进程中性别尊卑这一社会伦理观念的演化，成为一系列服装文化现象诸如服饰动机、审美标准的依据。并在普遍的意义上，揭示了服装观念的基本原则和规律．     

论大学生社会责任感的培养

社会责任感的重要性在当今社会里凸显出来。可是，在多种因素的作用下，部分大学生的社会责任感却趋于淡化，这使大学生难以担负起历史的重任。对于部分大学生重才而轻德的现象，高等教育应该承担一定社会责任，这种社会责任就在于强化大学生的社会责任感。     

论"美丑对照"与"以丑为美"的文艺美学观

本文运用比较的方法,论述了雨果的“美丑对照原则”与波德莱尔“以丑为美”理论的异同,并以他们各自的创作实践说明了这两种理论的运用都没有改变事物（描写的对象）的本质,只是在一定程度上改变了事物的原有面貌;它们都是对客观事物的具体反映和直接把握,是艺术家对人性善和美的异曲同工的追求,为人们提供了全面的艺术范例和审美观念。     

透明香皂的研制

介绍了生产透明香皂的新配方和新工艺 ,提出了透明香皂的企业标准。新工艺用丙二醇取代传统工艺所用的乙醇做溶剂 ,生产周期大为缩短。采用速冻隧道设备 ,可方便地实现不同品种的切换 ,操作方便 ,设备投资少 ,产品综合成本低 ,具有较大的工业应用价值