克鲁维酵母突变株UV-G-40-3菊粉酶性质的研究

研究了克鲁维酵母突变株（Ｋｌｕｙｖｅｒｏｍｙｃｅｓ－ＵＶ－Ｇ－４０－３）所产菊粉酶的分布为胞外酶∶胞壁酶∶胞内酶比是５．７∶１．６∶１。该酶Ｓ／Ｉ为５．３,最适温度为５０℃,最适ｐＨ为４．５,在５０℃以下、ｐＨ４．５～８的范围内比较稳定,４℃贮存稳定性好,１４ｄ后仍保持７６％活力,为外切型菊粉酶,酶解粗菊糖（洋姜提取液）活性为纯菊糖的４倍。     

Effects of goat milk enriched with oligosaccharides on microbiota structures,and correlation between microbiota and short-chain fatty acids in the large intestine of the mouse

In this study, we explored the effects of combining goat milk and oligosaccharides on the large intestine environment of mice. A combination of goat milk with each of 3 oligosaccharides—stachyose, fructo-oligosaccharide (FOS), and a prebiotics mix—were independently fed to mice. We investigated composition changes in the microbiota of the large intestine using 16S rRNA gene sequencing; measured short-chain fatty acid content using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry; and performed a Spearman correlation analysis between microorganisms and short-chain fatty acids. Our results showed that microbial diversity in the large intestine decreased significantly in the FOS group. In terms of α diversity, microbial richness significantly declined in all 3 treatment groups; in terms of β diversity, the intestinal microbial structures clearly changed in the FOS group. The abundance of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus increased markedly in the FOS group compared with the other groups. Functional predictions showed that FOS reduced intestinal bacterial infections and improved the endocrine and immune systems. Spearman correlation analysis showed that propionic, isobutyric, and valeric acids were all positively correlated with certain microbiota. Our findings suggest that FOS-enriched goat milk is beneficial for improving the large intestine environment in the host.     

果胶酶浸提菊芋菊糖的研究

对果胶酶提取菊糖的工艺进行了研究.采用正交实验设计优化提取条件,确定固液比为1:14、添加果胶酶的浓度为0.5%、处理温度45℃、pH4.0、提取时间120min为最佳的提取工艺,在此条件下,菊糖的提取率平均为11.56%,高于热水浸提的提取率.     

菊芋菊糖的研究与应用前景

菊糖是植物体内的一种由2—10个果糖单位组成的功能性天然果聚糖。因其具有多种保健功能而倍受关注。国外对菊糖的研究与开发比较早,已经实现产业化。但我国的菊糖产业一直没有得到应有的关注和开发。就菊糖的功能性质及其在食品中的研究与应用进行了综述,期望为我国的菊糖产业提供思路和参考。     

乳清蛋白菊粉糖基化复合物的褐变特性与抗氧化活性

以褐变程度及抗氧化活性为检测指标,研究湿热反应条件对乳清蛋白菊粉糖基化复合物的褐变特性与抗氧化活性的影响。研究结果表明:反应物浓度越大,反应温度越高,乳清蛋白菊粉糖基化产物的褐变强度越大,抗氧化活性越强;起始反应pH值越大,乳清蛋白菊粉糖基化产物的褐变强度及还原能力越强,而其DPPH.清除能力呈现先升高后降低的趋势。当反应物浓度为6%,温度为100℃,起始反应pH值为9时,所获得的乳清蛋白糖基化产物抗氧化活性较强。     

菊粉在乙醇溶液中成胶行为规律的研究

为探索菊粉在乙醇溶液中成胶行为及凝胶质构变化规律,采用加热/冷藏的方法制配制菊粉凝胶,考察质量分数35%、45%和55%的菊粉溶液在体积分数0-40%乙醇溶液中的成胶行为,利用质构仪分析不同条件下凝胶的质构特性。试验发现随菊粉质量分数的增加其在乙醇溶液中的成胶能力增强;乙醇体积分数对菊粉成胶能力影响显著,当乙醇体积分数低于30%时,随着其体积分数的增加菊粉的成胶能力和持水性显著提高;当乙醇体积分数高于30%时,随着其体积分数的提高菊粉的成胶能力和持水性呈下降的趋势。质构仪分析表明,增加菊粉含量可显著提高凝胶的质构特性,而乙醇对凝胶质构有双向作用,随乙醇体积分数的增加,凝胶质构特性呈现先增大后减少的趋势,对硬度、强度、黏附力及黏着性的影响拐点为20%,而对凝聚性和咀嚼性的影响拐点为10%。     

皮状丝孢酵母发酵菊粉产油脂培养基的优化

采用Plaekett-Burman设计和响应面分析法,对皮状丝孢酵母菌发酵菊粉产油脂的培养基进行优化.首先用Plaekett-Burman设计对发酵培养基组分菊粉、酵母膏、硝酸钾、硫酸镁、硫酸铁、磷酸二氢钾、氯化钙、硫酸锌等进行评价并筛选出了有显著效应的酵母膏、硫酸锌、氯化钙,然后用最陡爬坡路径逼近最大响应值区域,最后再利用Box-Behnken试验设计及响应面分析法进行回归分析.结果表明酵母膏、硫酸锌、氯化钙于油脂含量存在显著的相关性.通过求解回归方程得到优化发酵培养基组分:酵母膏6.68g/L、硫酸锌0.457g/L、氯化钙0.342g/L.对优化后的培养基进行发酵培养,其生物量和油脂含量分别达到了13.56g/L、5.281g/L,油脂含量比优化之前增加了11.2％.     

Changes of the cell surface hydrophobicity of Lactobacillus acidophilus La‐5 in response to pH,temperature and inulin

The main topic of this study was to study how cell surface hydrophobicity (CSH) could change in response to pH, temperature and inulin; Lactobacillus acidophilus La‐5 was used as a model microorganism. pH, temperature, inulin and incubation time (exposure to prebiotic or incubation at pH 4.0 and 9.0) were combined through a full factorial design and a Central Composite Design; the results were analysed using a multifactorial anova (first step) and a stepwise regression (second step). Temperature and pH significantly affected CSH: an increase in the temperature determined a significant increase in CSH, whereas the correlation pH vs. CSH was negative, as an increase in pH caused a significant decrease in CSH. Inulin played a significant role, but its effect could be influenced by temperature, pH and exposure time. This study is the first approach on the effects of some environmental factors on CSH and suggests that the culturing conditions and/or the exposure to some prebiotics could modify it with positive or negative effects.     

Short communication: Incorporation of inulin and transglutaminase in fermented goat milk containing probiotic bacteria

Goat milk is a good carrier for probiotic bacteria; however, it is difficult to produce fermented goat milk with a consistency comparable to that of fermented cow milks. It can be improved by the addition of functional stabilizers, such as inulin, or treatment with transglutaminase. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of cold storage of inulin and microbial transglutaminase on the viability of Lactobacillus acidophilus La-5 and Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis Bb-12 in fermented goat milk. Microbiological analysis included the determination of the probiotic bacteria cell count in fermented milk samples, whereas physico-chemical analysis included the analysis of fat content, titratable acidity, and pH of raw, pasteurized, and fermented goat milk samples. No positive influence of inulin or microbial transglutaminase on the viability of probiotics in fermented goat's milk samples was observed. Nevertheless, the population of probiotics remained above 6 log cfu/g after 8 wk of storage at 5°C.     

Effect of different levels of fat and inulin on the microbial growth and metabolites in probiotic yogurt containing nonviable bacteria

Effects of different levels of fat and inulin on bacterial cell counts, degree of proteolysis and concentrations of organic acids in the yogurt containing inactivated cells of probiotic strains Bifidobacterium animalis and Lactobacillus acidophilus were investigated. Results showed that both L. acidophilus and B. animalis grew well in the yogurt samples reaching cell counts higher than 10⁶ CFU mL^?1 at the final pH of 4.5. Inulin at the concentration of 1% had no significant effects on the production of organic acids and cell counts of L. acidophilus, but promoted the growth of B. animalis with a reduction in the degree of proteolysis. Generally, different fat levels showed significant effects on the production of organic acids and nonsignificant effects on the cell counts of probiotic bacteria and degree of proteolysis. In case of lactic acid, the ratio of L‐ (+)to D‐ (?) isomer ranged from 50/50 to 80/20 in yogurt samples.