Resveratrol Butyrate Esters Inhibit BPA-Induced Liver Damage in Male Offspring Rats by Modulating Antioxidant Capacity and Gut Microbiota

Resveratrol can affect the physiology or biochemistry of offspring in the maternal–fetal animal model. However, it exhibits low bioavailability in humans and animals. Fifteen-week SD pregnant female rats were orally administered bisphenol A (BPA) and/or resveratrol butyrate ester (RBE), and the male offspring rats (n = 4–8 per group) were evaluated. The results show that RBE treatment (BPA + R30) compared with the BPA group can reduce the damage caused by BPA (p < 0.05). RBE enhanced the expression of selected genes and induced extramedullary hematopoiesis and mononuclear cell infiltration. RBE increased the abundance of S24-7 and Adlercreutzia in the intestines of the male offspring rats, as well as the concentrations of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in the feces. RBE also increased the antioxidant capacity of the liver by inducing Nrf2, promoting the expression of HO-1, SOD, and CAT. It also increased the concentration of intestinal SCFAs, enhancing the barrier formed by intestinal cells, thereby preventing BPA-induced metabolic disruption in the male offspring rats, and reduced liver inflammation. This study identified a potential mechanism underlying the protective effects of RBE against the liver damage caused by BPA exposure during the peri-pregnancy period, and the influence of the gut microbiota on the gut–liver axis in the offspring.     

发酵种泥的投加对新鲜剩余污泥发酵产酸的影响

为进一步提高剩余污泥厌氧发酵产短链脂肪酸(SCFAs)的效率,将p H=10下长期(90 d)厌氧发酵的种泥接入至新鲜剩余污泥考察其对新鲜剩余污泥厌氧发酵产酸的影响.实验在2种p H条件下进行:不控制p H(p H=7.4±0.2),一组反应器中投加新鲜剩余污泥,并接种厌氧发酵种泥,另一组反应器只投加新鲜剩余污泥;控制p H为碱性(p H=10±0.2),一组反应器中投加新鲜剩余污泥,并接种厌氧发酵种泥,另一组反应器只投加新鲜剩余污泥.结果表明:相同p H条件下,接种厌氧发酵种泥反应器中的最大产酸量较不接种分别提高4.9(p H=7.4±0.2)和16.4 mg/g VSS(以COD计)(p H=10±0.2);同时接种发酵污泥、剩余污泥在p H=10±0.2下的最大产酸量较p H=7.4±0.2下的最大产酸量高146.2 mg/g VSS;碱性条件、不接种发酵种泥的产酸量较不控制p H、接种发酵种泥的高129.8 mg/g VSS.投加发酵种泥可提高新鲜剩余污泥厌氧发酵过程中SCFAs的产生效率;碱性条件与厌氧发酵种泥对新鲜剩余污泥发酵产酸具有协同促进作用;与接种发酵种泥相比,碱性条件对新鲜剩余污泥厌氧发酵产酸促进能力高.     

Effect of different levels of fat and inulin on the microbial growth and metabolites in probiotic yogurt containing nonviable bacteria

Effects of different levels of fat and inulin on bacterial cell counts, degree of proteolysis and concentrations of organic acids in the yogurt containing inactivated cells of probiotic strains Bifidobacterium animalis and Lactobacillus acidophilus were investigated. Results showed that both L. acidophilus and B. animalis grew well in the yogurt samples reaching cell counts higher than 10⁶ CFU mL^?1 at the final pH of 4.5. Inulin at the concentration of 1% had no significant effects on the production of organic acids and cell counts of L. acidophilus, but promoted the growth of B. animalis with a reduction in the degree of proteolysis. Generally, different fat levels showed significant effects on the production of organic acids and nonsignificant effects on the cell counts of probiotic bacteria and degree of proteolysis. In case of lactic acid, the ratio of L‐ (+)to D‐ (?) isomer ranged from 50/50 to 80/20 in yogurt samples.     

Effects of different types of potato resistant starches on intestinal microbiota and short-chain fatty acids under in vitro fermentation

The prebiotic effects of potato resistant starches RS1, RS2, RS3a, RS3b and RS4 were studied using simulated gut fermentation in vitro. The intestinal microbial composition was significantly changed by resistant starch (RS) after 24-h fermentation. All RSs (P < 0.05) decreased the ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes (F/B), and RS2 exhibited the lowest value of 0.95 ± 0.07. The relative abundance of Bifidobacterium was significantly increased by RS4, whereas Megamonas and Prevotella were promoted by RS2. Further, RS4 produced the highest levels of acetate (138.34 µM), whereas RS2 produced the highest levels of propionate (41.45 µM) and butyrate (21.65 µM). However, Bifidobacterium did not promote the production of propionate or butyrate, even though it was proficient in fermenting RS. Megamonas and Prevotella were positively associated with the higher production of propionate and butyrate. Here, different RSs played key roles in promoting intestinal health, and RS2 especially showed more abundant probiotic functions.     

Changes of the cell surface hydrophobicity of Lactobacillus acidophilus La‐5 in response to pH,temperature and inulin

The main topic of this study was to study how cell surface hydrophobicity (CSH) could change in response to pH, temperature and inulin; Lactobacillus acidophilus La‐5 was used as a model microorganism. pH, temperature, inulin and incubation time (exposure to prebiotic or incubation at pH 4.0 and 9.0) were combined through a full factorial design and a Central Composite Design; the results were analysed using a multifactorial anova (first step) and a stepwise regression (second step). Temperature and pH significantly affected CSH: an increase in the temperature determined a significant increase in CSH, whereas the correlation pH vs. CSH was negative, as an increase in pH caused a significant decrease in CSH. Inulin played a significant role, but its effect could be influenced by temperature, pH and exposure time. This study is the first approach on the effects of some environmental factors on CSH and suggests that the culturing conditions and/or the exposure to some prebiotics could modify it with positive or negative effects.     

重组短链脱氢酶LcSDR催化(R)-1-苯基乙醇不对称合成的工艺开发

采用基因挖掘技术从Lactobacillus composti基因组中筛选到一条编码短链脱氢酶(LcSDR)的序列,该LcSDR能不对称还原苯乙酮(1a)合成(R)-1-苯基乙醇[(R)-1b]。构建了Lc SDR和葡萄糖脱氢酶(EsGDH)双酶偶联催化合成体系,优化了Lc SDR不对称还原1a合成(R)-1b的催化工艺参数。在较佳催化条件下,50 g/L1a转化反应2 h,产物(R)-1b得率93.8%,产物对映体过量值(eep)高于99%,该手性生物合成催化过程的时空产率达到562.8 g/(L·d)。     

菊粉生物活性的研究进展

菊粉是一种不易被人体消化的碳水化合物,可从3600多种植物中提取。美国食品药品监督管理局批准菊粉用于提高食品的营养价值,因而菊粉已用于脂肪替代品、质地调节剂和功能性食品的开发。菊粉具有益生元特性,即促进双歧杆菌和乳酸杆菌等有益菌增殖,同时对宿主基因、肠道局部和全身代谢产生影响。目前研究发现菊粉在养生保健和治疗疾病方面具有多种生物活性,已经开发有相关的人类保健食品和动物饲料添加剂产品。本研究综述了菊粉抗氧化、抗疲劳、延缓衰老、降低炎症、刺激免疫应答、改善糖脂代谢紊乱等生物活性以及作用机制,提出现有研究的不足,并对菊粉未来研究方向进行了展望,为更深入地研究菊粉生物活性提供思路,为菊粉后续开发和利用提供理论依据。     

响应面法优化菊糖酸奶的发酵工艺

将菊糖以不同的量添加到酸奶中,结果表明,菊糖能够刺激乳酸菌的增长,增加酸奶的持水力、黏度和甜度,降低酸奶的pH值,以及改变酸奶的组织状态。在接种量和发酵温度的单因素试验基础上,采用响应面分析方法,优化菊糖添加量、接种量、发酵温度的工艺参数。经Design-ExpertV8.0.6 软件对结果进行分析,确定菊糖酸奶生产的最优工艺参数为菊糖添加量47.85 g/L、接种量2.34%、发酵温度42 ℃。在此条件下,菊糖酸奶的感官得分92.12,理论值92.46与实验值的相对偏差是0.37%。