Effect of igneous activity on hydrocarbon source rocks in Jiyang sub-basin, eastern China

A 50 m thick diabase sill was found in the Paleogene black mudstone hydrocarbon source rocks in Xia38 well. Within heating aureola of the sill, optical changes of kerogen and signatures of extractable bitumens in the mudstones were investigated. Under effects of high heating rate associated with sill intrusion, the vitrinite reflectance (Ro) has an increasing tendency with decreasing distance to the sill both below and above the sill. However, only within a zone of about 15 m to the diabase sill, the vitrinite reflectance shows significant increase. Above the sill, the Ro values increase gradually from 0.6% to 1.0%, whereas below the sill, the Ro values increase dramatically from 0.8% to 3.8%. The contrasting Ro increasing patterns are attributed to the different heat transferring conditions, the relatively open system above the sill and the relatively close system below. The more mature signatures below the sill are also demonstrated by the n-alkane distribution, carbon predominance index and odd-to-even carbon number predominance of the extracted bitumens. Below the sill, the proportion of the saturated hydrocarbons in the extracted bitumens increases from 34% to 79% towards the sill contact. The bitumens in the two highest rank samples which are closest to the sill are dominated by saturated or saturated + aromatic hydrocarbons.The %20S, %αββ and %Ts biomarker parameters of the extracted bitumens are 46%, 58% and 54%, respectively, at Ro = 1.5%. At Ro = 2.6% or 3.0%, they reach to 52%, 71%, and 71%, respectively, still under or close to their corresponding equilibrium end-points. These samples of high rank, established on the basis of optical assessment (vitrinite reflectance), have less mature biomarker signatures. The remarkable disparities between optical and biomarker parameters can be ascribed to that the aromatization of kerogen to increase Ro was more favored than the isomerization of biomarker in the rapid heating scenario.     

带式输送机导料槽长度的计算方法

推导了导料槽长度的计算公式,提出根据计算值合理选取导料槽的段数，给出了计算实例。     

Prediction of scouring around an arch-shaped bed sill using Neuro-Fuzzy model

In this study, Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) has been used to model local scouring depth and pattern scouring around concave and convex arch shaped circular bed sills. The experimental part of this research study includes seven sets of laboratory test cases which were performed in an experimental flume under different flow conditions. A data set consists of 2754 data points of scouring depth were collected to use in the ANFIS model. The ratio of arch diameter, D, to flume width, W, is used as a non dimensional variables in all test cases. The results from ANFIS model were compared with the results of ANN model obtained by Homayoon et al. [24] and previously presented models. The results indicated that for D/W equal to 1 and 1.2, the ANFIS models produced a good performance for convex and concave bed sills. As a result, the ANFIS models can be used as an alternative to ANN for estimation of scour depth and scour pattern around a concave bed sill installed with a bridge pier.     

城市异形排涝通道消能防冲新技术

该文针对感潮河段魁岐排涝二站?型复杂流道的不利冲刷问题,通过建立整体水工模型,研究城市异形排涝通道消能防冲新技术,提出导流坎、消力坎和消力墩联合消能防冲技术,探索其在宽幅水位变化、多工程交替运行及通航情况下的适应能力,并给出水力设计方法。研究表明,联合消能工对复杂工况适应良好,能有效解决异形排涝通道的消能防冲问题。     

跌坎型底流消能工的跌坎最小深度研究

跌坎型底流消能工消力池内的水力特性受到跌坎深度的影响。应用平面紊动射流理论,以消力池内允许的最大时均动水压强为控制目标,对于跌坎最小深度的确定方法进行了初步分析,建立了计算跌坎最小深度值的理论公式。通过水力学试验方法,得到消力池底板时均动水压强与跌坎最小深度之间的关系,同时与跌坎最小深度试验值进行了比对,对本文建立的理论公式进行了验证。     

紊流模型对底坎绕流模拟效果的比较

利用Fluent软件,选取了Spalart-Allmaras模型、标准k-ε模型、RNG k-ε模型和realizable k-ε模型共4种涡黏系数的湍流模型,对底坎绕流问题进行了数值模拟。结果表明:4种模型模拟的底坎附近的流动特征基本一致,但在回流长度、分离主涡的涡心位置及水头损失等参数方面,RNG k-ε模型的模拟效果最好,标准k-ε模型的模拟效果较差,而realizable k-ε模型和Spalart-Allmaras模型的效果居中。     

INFLUENCE OF STRUCTURE ON HYDRAULIC CHARACTERISTICS OF T SHAPE FISHWAY

While dams cut off the migratory route of fish, and affect their growth and breeding, fishways are built to restore the connectivity of rivers and facilitate the life cycle of these migratory fish. This paper proposes a new kind of fishway called the "T shape fishway", and studies it by using both numerical simulations and physical experimental methods with the aim to design a fishway in China for migratory fish with swimming and jumping capability much poorer, such as schizothorax davidi and schizothorax prenanti, as compared with migratory fish in other places of the world, like trout and salmon. It is indicated that the range of velocity in each regular pool of the T shape fishway is from 0.42 m/s to 1.22 m/s when the flow discharge Q is 350 L/s, and there are no large vortex zones found there. This study shows that the T shape fishway can meet the requirements of these migratory fish quite well in terms of velocity and flow patterns in China.     

柴石滩高坝挑流消能工体型优化研究

柴石滩高坝水利枢纽是云南省在建的大型工程．本文概述了该工程在技术设计阶段对岸边溢洪道所作的１∶５０动床整体水工模型试验研究成果．结合柴石滩枢纽的工程条件，对泄水建筑物出口的两种挑流消能工—扭曲（贴角）斜挑坎和窄缝挑坎的体型提出了优化方案．     

倾斜薄金矿脉采场底部结构优选

以北干沟金矿的地质条件和开采现状为条件，对倾斜薄金矿脉采场用混凝土假底柱结构或矿石底柱结构这两种结构形式进行了优化选择。优选条件是该矿段开采金的经济品位界限，计算的矿体金地质品位大干２．５２ｇ／ｔ时可选择假底柱结构。     

沿脉进路无底分段崩落法的进路参数研究

分析了无底柱分段崩落法回采工作面放矿口尺寸对矿岩散体移动规律的影响，并根据椭球体放矿理论和随机介质放矿理论，得出了增大出矿口尺寸和全断面均匀放矿可改善矿石散体的移动条件进而增大矿石放出量的结论。将此结论应用到厚度中等及以下、倾角较大、下盘围岩不稳固矿体的无底柱分段崩落法开采实践中，其放矿效果明显改善，极大地提高了矿石回收率。