灰色系统建模理论在机床主轴疲劳寿命设计中的应用研究

运用灰色系统的理论及方法，将疲劳应力与寿命的相互制约关系看成一个灰色系统，将疲劳试验的应力水平均匀分成数级，并找出与之对应的安全寿命的白化值。通过对安全寿命值数列的一次累加，生成一个光滑离散函数。据此建立灰色系统模型，并求解灰色系统的微分方程 。通过残差模型的修正，提高模型精度，再运用灰色系统模型的还原模型，可计算出任一应力水平下的安全寿命值。为机床主轴的安全寿命计算提供了新的途径，具有较大的推广应用价值。     

高辐射耐热涂层的研制

阐述了一种具有高辐射和耐高温性能的涂层，它可用于铁路的红外轴温探测系统，以提高该系统红外线(红外热量)的辅出度。介绍了涂层的制备工艺及其指标数据的测定原理及方法，分析了影响涂层耐热性及热辐射性能的众多因素。     

细长体出水过程中阻尼系数变化分析

针对细长体出水过程中黏性阻尼系数和兴波阻尼系数的变化,采用弹性体振动理论和流体势流理论相结合的方式对其进行研究．对于黏性阻尼项,建立简化的涡激振动模型,将涡激振动的阻力和升力项考虑到结构振动方程中,获得考虑涡激振动后的阻尼系数增量．对于兴波阻尼项,采用时域格林函数法,首先计算规则球体振动问题,并将计算结果与相关文献对比,发现二者吻合良好．在验证算法的基础上,采用细长体模型,分别计算不同振动频率和不同出水高度对于兴波阻尼系数的影响．计算结果表明：涡激振动引起的黏性阻尼增量随着洋流增大、波浪增高或者空泡长度减短而增加;兴波阻尼和细长体的出水高度、固有振型和振动频率密切相关,所对应的细长体在头部出水、振动频率0．5 Hz左右诱发的兴波阻尼最大．一阶和二阶弹性振动诱发的兴波阻尼系数较小,工程中可忽略．     

铁道车辆用车轴成形方法现状与研究

铁道车辆用车轴是火车传动部分的重要部件,探寻车轴高效、精密成形方法具有重要的应用价值。对目前国内外火车车轴成形技术的现状进行较详细论述,分析各种火车轴成形方法的优劣,指出多楔楔横轧精密成形技术生产火车轴将是今后火车轴成形的主流。     

Passive elastic mechanism to mimic fish-muscle action in anguilliform swimming

Swimmers in nature use body undulations to generate propulsive and manoeuvring forces. The anguilliform kinematics is driven by muscular actions all along the body, involving a complex temporal and spatial coordination of all the local actuations. Such swimming kinematics can be reproduced artificially, in a simpler way, by using the elasticity of the body passively. Here, we present experiments on self-propelled elastic swimmers at a free surface in the inertial regime. By addressing the fluid–structure interaction problem of anguilliform swimming, we show that our artificial swimmers are well described by coupling a beam theory with the potential flow model of Lighthill. In particular, we show that the propagative nature of the elastic wave producing the propulsive force is strongly dependent on the dissipation of energy along the body of the swimmer.     

An experimental approach to determining the residual lifetimes of wheelset axles on a full-scale wheel-rail roller test rig

The paper describes an experimental method for determining the residual lifetime of wheelset axles which was developed and proved. The procedure includes all necessary steps: crack initiation from an artificially generated surface defect, monitoring of crack growth, and specification of the end-of-test criterion. The crack propagation tests described in this paper were carried out on a complete wheelset that was installed on a full-scale wheel-rail roller test rig using a measured load spectrum. During both the test planning and test implementation phases, considerable attention was paid to the complex processes involved in crack propagation in wheelset axles. In addition to axle material and design issues, important factors that have to be taken into account include sequence effects, the reliability of load cycle omission strategies to reduce the overall duration of testing, static stresses introduced by press-fitting procedures and residual stresses caused by manufacturing processes, and crack closure effects. The results obtained indicate that the method produces reliable results that are of practical relevance. Examples were also presented that indicated how far experimentally determined residual axle lifetimes could still differ from lifetimes calculated using current fracture mechanics modelling techniques.     

Load interaction effects in propagation lifetime and inspections of railway axles

As well known, an interaction effect arises, on crack propagation, when a specimen or a component is subjected to variable amplitude fatigue loading. Depending on the applied load sequence, a certain amount of retardation or acceleration can then be observed, on the fatigue crack growth rate, with respect to the constant amplitude case. In the case of structural ductile materials, the interaction phenomenon is mainly addressed by the local plasticity at the crack tip and can be explained, from a global point of view, by adopting the crack closure concept. In the present research, load interaction effects in a medium strength steel for railway axles are experimentally analyzed by companion and full-scale specimens. The experimental outcomes show a significant retardation with respect to a simple no-interaction approach and the Strip-Yield model offers good, yet conservative, estimates of crack advance. The consequences of crack growth retardation on the inspection periodicity of railway axles are then discussed.     

细长柱考虑二阶效应的设计计算方法

细长柱的二阶效应在结构设计中容易被忽略。该文通过对“虚柱法”理论的阐述，总结出细长柱可根据“虚柱法”来计算二阶效应：由于细长柱的二阶效应与构件侧向荷载无关，故只需要输入构件轴向压力来得到二阶效应的刚度，并叠加单元力学属性的刚度。就可以得到考虑二阶效应的细长柱内力计算方法。最后通过sap2000算例得到验证。     

Parametric study of the use and optimization of tuned mass dampers to control the wind‐ and seismic‐induced responses of a slender monument

Passive energy dissipation devices have been used around the world to mitigate the response of structures under dynamic excitations, such as wind or seismic loading. The use of tuned mass dampers (TMD) in tall and slender buildings to reduce unwanted responses has proved to be very effective. The main purpose of this work is to study the structural behavior of a 115‐m‐height slender monument fitted with TMDs subjected to simulated wind and seismic loading. Turbulent wind forces were calculated based on samples of turbulent wind speed simulated with an auto regressive and moving average (ARMA) model. Ground motions compatible with a seismic site spectrum were also simulated. An optimization approach is suggested to determine the parameters of the TMDs that reduce the structural response to the maximum. The effectiveness of the TMDs for reducing the structural response of the monument is discussed in detail, and the use of optimally tuned TMDs is emphasized.     

细长管内壁涂层技术进展及应用现状

内壁涂层技术是一种可以降低管内内容物对管壁损伤的有效方法,能有效的提升细管零件的使用寿命和服役安全性.近年来,在细长管内壁涂层制备技术也受到越来越多的关注,并在制备技术和应用方面均取得了重要的进展.系统介绍了目前国内外应用于内壁涂层制备技术的发展历史及其分类,重点对热浸镀、电镀、物理气相沉积、化学气相沉积技术在细管内壁涂层制备的成膜机理进行了详细的论述.基于细管内壁涂层技术的发展和应用状况,从理论研究、使用环境、技术工程化应用等方面,总结了现有研究和应用中的成果及存在的问题.重点从涂层材料体系、基体特性、厚度均匀性控制以及界面结合特征几个方面分别对上述技术的潜在应用前景进行了分析和展望.