香料2-呋喃丙烯酸正丙酯的合成研究

以糠醛为起始原料，与丙二酸、正丙醇等反应合成2—呋喃丙烯酸正丙酯，对反应条件进行了研究，在最佳反应条件下，2—呋喃丙烯酸0．2mol，正丙醉0．7mol，环己烷70mL，对甲苯磺酸4．5-5g，反应时间4h，酯化反应收率达到90%。     

基于WinCC的香料厨房监控系统设计

为满足烟草制丝线自动化生产需求,采用WinCC组态软件设计了一套香料厨房监控系统。系统以西门子S7-400PLC为控制核心,采用Profinet工业以太网技术,保证了监控系统数据传输的实时性;在研究系统的硬件组态和网络配置的基础上,设计了监控的功能,建立WinCC与PLC的通讯连接,组态过程画面、控制画面、报警画面等,实现了香料厨房的自动控制和实时监控;系统运行稳定,操作方便,完全满足生产工艺要求。     

Preliminary study of saffron (Crocus sativus L. stigmas) color extraction in a dairy matrix

Saffron spice has been used for decades as an ingredient in many dairy products but changes in its coloring properties related to milk characteristics have not been paid appropriate attention. Saffron color was studied in ewes’ milk at different fat levels and saffron concentrations using tristimulus colorimetry. In order to evaluate saffron extraction, different temperatures and extraction times were tested. Color changes were demonstrated to be statistically significant when increasing the fat content in milk, as well as saffron concentration. The higher milk fat content, turned the extracts brighter and yellower, while less red and vivid, opposite to results obtained by increasing saffron concentration. Extraction time was not significant for color extraction. Milk extracts resulted slightly brighter and yellower when increasing temperature, probably due to crocetin esters degradation or isomerization from trans to cis configuration. Temperatures between 37 and 70 °C are recommended to avoid structural changes in milk or saffron. Color changes could be due to interactions mediated by phospholipids between milk fat globules and crocetin esters, as well as minor saffron carotenoids.     

香辛料抗氧化活性的研究现状

香辛料有很多功能，而抗氧化活性是其重要功能之一。本文论述了30种香辛料的抗氧化活性和一些香辛料对高含DHA鱼油的抗氧化抑制效果，并介绍了从一些香辛料中分离出的具有高活性的抗氧化性物质。     

香辛料对亚硝酸钠的清除作用

研究花椒、八角、白胡椒香辛料对亚硝酸钠的清除作用,探讨提取液添加量、提取溶剂以及反应时间对清除效果的影响。结果表明,花椒和八角都以60%乙醇来提取作用效果较好,而白胡椒以无水乙醇来提取为佳;花椒、八角和白胡椒对亚硝酸钠的清除率都是随提取液添加量的增加呈现先增大后降低的趋势;与亚硝酸钠反应时间10min较为适宜;其中,花椒与八角按质量比1:2复配对亚硝酸钠的清除具有协同增效作用。     

肉制品中香辛料的应用

本文综述了香辛料的历史、定义、种类等,分析了肉制品中香辛料的作用,简述了使用原则、方法等,提出了目前存在的问题和展望。     

Where did the Chili Get its Spice? Biogeography of Capsaicinoid Production in Ancestral Wild Chili Species

The biogeography of pungency in three species of wild chili in the chaco and surrounding highland habitats of southeastern Bolivia is described. We report that Capsicum chacoense, C. baccatum, and C. eximium are polymorphic for production of capsaicin and its analogs, such that completely pungent and completely nonpungent individuals co-occur in some populations. In C. chacoense, the density of plants and the proportion of pungent plants increased with elevation. Above 900 m, all individuals in all populations except two were pungent; nonpungent individuals in at least one of the two polymorphic populations were likely a result of spreading by humans. The occurrence of pungent and nonpungent individuals in three species of ancestral Capsicum and the geographic variation of pungency within species suggest that production of capsaicin and its analogs entails both costs and benefits, which shift from one locality to another. Determining the selection pressures behind such shifts is necessary to understand the evolution of pungency in chilies.     

超临界CO2萃取辛香料精油的试验研究(Ⅱ)

介绍了超临界ＣＯ２萃取辛香料精油的中试、工业化试验的情况,主要研究了用２５Ｌ、２００Ｌ超临界ＣＯ２萃取装置萃取生姜,芫荽籽等辛香料精油的工艺、等方面的内容。     

复合香辛料亚硝化抑制剂对西式培根品质的影响

研究对N-亚硝胺具有阻断作用的复合香辛料亚硝化抑制剂（composite spice nitrosation inhibitor,CSNI） 在西式培根中的应用效果。设计4 组实验：1）阴性对照（negative control,NC）组：以原料肉质量计,配 制由0.06%亚硝酸钠、9%食盐、1.5%复合磷酸盐、5%白糖等组成的腌制液,注射量为20%;2）阳性对照 （positive control,PC）组：在NC组基础上添加0.055%异抗坏血酸钠;3）CSNI组：在NC组中添加CSNI; 4）PC＋CSNI组：在PC组中添加CSNI。制成西式培根,分别对西式培根成品和烧烤（200 ℃,5 min）西式培根进 行感官评定、pH值、红度值（a*）、硫代巴比妥酸反应物（thiobarbituric acid reactive substances,TBARs）值、亚 硝酸盐残留量、生物胺含量及N-亚硝胺含量测定。结果表明：相比NC、PC组,PC＋CSNI组西式培根成品的感官 评分最高,TBARs值（0.24 mg/kg）、亚硝酸盐残留量（20.48 mg/kg）和生物胺总量（184.68 mg/kg）均处于较低 水平,CSNI对N-亚硝胺的形成（总量为9.29 μg/kg）,特别是N-二甲基亚硝胺的形成有显著的阻断效果,且CSNI的 添加对产品的pH值和a*均未造成显著影响;西式培根烧烤后,由于水分和脂肪溶出,致使烧烤西式培根的亚硝酸 盐残留量、生物胺含量和N-亚硝胺含量总体呈升高趋势,但均未超过相关规定的限量值。