0.89dtex细旦涤纶短纤维工艺优化探讨

介绍了纺制 0 89dtex× 3 8mm细旦涤纶短纤维的工艺技术特点 ,着重讨论了熔体温度、纺丝速度、冷却条件等工艺对原丝性能及产品质量的影响     

一步法生产涤纶FDY工艺的探讨

利用ＫＶ７３１纺丝设备一步法生产出涤纶ＦＤＹ，探讨了热辊拉伸和熔体温度对纤维质量的影响。采用高特性粘数的聚酯切片，严格控制纺丝工艺，可以在５０００ｍ／ｍｉｎ的纺丝速度下纺制高质量的细旦涤纶ＦＤＹ。     

Rheological study on O−carboxymethylated chitosan/cellulose polyblends from LiCl/N,N‐dimethylacetamide solution

An O?carboxymethylated chitosan (O? CMCh) water solution (I) and N,N‐dimethylacetamide (DMAc) emulsion (II) were blended with a cellulose LiCl/DMAc solution, and corresponding polyblends (Polyblends I and II) were obtained. The rheology of the three fluids, that is, the cellulose solution and Polyblends I and II, was investigated. The cellulose solution was characterized by a power‐law fluid. When an O‐CMCh water solution or DMAc emulsion was added to the cellulose solution, the power‐law curve was preserved. The power‐law indexes (n) of all three fluids increased along with the temperature. Polyblend I displays an n close to but a little higher than that of the cellulose solution, while Polyblend II shows a much higher power index than those of the other two fluids. The values of the apparent viscosity (η_a) for all the three fluids are close and decrease along with an increase in the temperature. Adding O‐CMCh microparticles into Polyblends I and II results in a decrease in the structural viscosity index (Δη) in comparison to that of the cellulose solution, and this effect is very obvious for Polyblend I. A cellulose solution's Δη declines with the augmentation of temperature, while the Δη's of both Polyblends I and II show minimum values at about 323 K. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 88: 1719–1725, 2003     

Preparation,crystallization, and spinnability of poly(ethylene terephthalate)/silica nanocomposites

Poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET)/silica nanocomposites were successfully prepared by in situ polymerization. Silica nanoparticles were uniformly dispersed in the process of polymerization. By means of hot‐stage polarization microscope and DSC, the influence of nanosilica on the crystallization of PET/silica nanocomposites has been clarified. The results show that nanosilica does not behave as a nucleating agent in PET but postpones the appearance of crystallite. This phenomenon is very favor to improve spinnability. The investigation on melt spinning of PET/silica nanocomposites also shows that it is advantageous to spinning with descending the spinning temperature. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 103: 2564–2568, 2007     

仿真丝改性涤纶研究——Ⅱ.改性涤纶树脂可纺性

PET-SIPM和PET-SIPM-PEG改性涤纶树脂与纯PET树脂按一定的配比进行共混熔融纺丝,制得仿真丝改性涤纶。讨论了改性涤纶树脂的热性能和流变性能对其可纺性的影响,并对改性涤纶纺丝工艺控制及纤维的结构和性能进行了论述。研究表明,PET-SIPM/PET和PET-SIPM-PEG(M_n=200)/PET改性涤纶的可纺性与纯涤纶相匹敌,符合仿真丝纤维的要求。     

动态线性电极静电纺PVA纳米纤维的可纺性

为了解决传统针式静电纺针头易堵塞不易产业化的问题,采用铜丝动态线性电极静电纺丝技术对PVA纳米纤维的可纺性进行研究。利用扫描电子显微镜研究了PVA溶液浓度、电压和纺丝距离对PVA纤维形貌及直径分布的影响。结果表明:随PVA溶液浓度降低,溶液粘度和电导率减小,纤维直径及其分布变小。且随纺丝距离增大,纤维直径变细,纤维形貌变好。当PVA浓度为10%(质量分数),电压80 kV,距离30 cm时,可制备出形貌良好的纳米纤维,其直径为433 nm,产量高达 6.8 g/h ;当PVA浓度为5%(质量分数),电压80 kV,距离30 cm, 可纺最细纤维直径为96 nm。本研究可为未来PVA静电纺纳米纤维膜的规模化制备提供参考。     

高半纤维素浆粕制备Lyocell纤维的研究

采用半纤维素质量分数21%的高半纤维素浆粕在N-甲基吗琳-N-氧化物(NMMO)水溶液中制备Lyocell纤维,并与半纤维素质量分数为10%的高α-纤维素浆粕的可纺性进行了对比。结果表明:高半纤维素浆粕在溶剂NMMO·H_2O中更易溶解,其过滤性能和可纺性能好,可在较高浆粕浓度下纺丝,制备成Lyo- cell纤维的产率高,且能提高Lyocell纤维的力学性能。高半纤维素浆液的稳定性能略低,在溶剂回收中需要消耗较多的双氧水进行氧化回收溶剂NMMO。     

TiO_2表面改性对聚酰胺6纤维强度及染色性能的影响

将TiO2表面包覆无定形TiO2,再经复配偶联剂改性后,分散在己内酰胺-水体系中乳化,于聚合釜中水解开环聚合,得到全消光聚酰胺6(PA6)切片。PA6切片经熔融纺丝制得PA6全消光纤维,并织成PA6全消光织物。用热重分析仪、纳米激光粒度仪、沉降试验等研究了改性TiO2的性能及在己内酰胺-水体系中的分散性;用差示扫描量热仪、扫描电子显微镜等研究了PA6全消光纤维结晶性能和截面形貌。结果表明:经复配偶联剂改性的TiO2在树脂基体中有很好的分散性;PA6全消光纤维的可纺性好;加入改性的TiO2后,PA6纤维的强度提高了25%,但对PA6纤维的熔融温度没有影响;改性PA6全消光织物的上染率提高了10%。     

PET蓄光纤维的研制及性能研究

采用共混纺丝法制备了PET蓄光纤维,并对纤维的性能进行了研究。SEM分析表明,采用偶联剂可以有效地改善聚酯与蓄光粉体组成的共混体系的相容性,减小分散相颗粒的尺寸。预先将PET、蓄光粉体与偶联剂制备成母粒用于纺丝,可以明显提高体系的可纺性。同时,研究了蓄光粉体的含量对纤维力学性能和发光性能的影响。     

低熔点聚酯的研制及分析

通过对不同改性剂及含量对共聚酯熔点的降低效果及实用性进行大量试验研究,确立了新戊二醇(NPG)、己二酸(AA)、间苯二甲酸(IPA)这三种改性剂的合理原料组成.研究结果表明,该组分的共聚酯切片熔点控制在110℃左右,并具有与常规聚酯切片相似的热稳定性能、流动性能,符合纺丝工艺要求.