关于缩短大电流开关二极管反向恢复时间的研究

通过长期的工作实践，阐述了适当条件下的金扩散对缩短反向恢复时间，提高二极管2CK28开关速度，满足了反向恢复时间，改善了二极管的反向特性。     

高校阳光体育工程的实施与校园体育文化活动的和谐发展

采用文献资料法着重探讨高校＂阳光体育＂工程的实施与校园体育文化活动发展的关系,以及如何推进校园＂阳光体育＂工程建设与校园体育文化建设.为更好地让＂阳光体育＂的理念贯穿整个校园体育文化实施的全过程,引导校园文化健康、和谐发展提供参考.     

A constraint programming-based solution approach for medical resident scheduling problems

Persistent calls come from within the graduate medical education community and from external sources for regulating the resident duty hours in order to meet the obligations about the quality of resident education, the well-being of residents themselves, and the quality of patient care services. The report of the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) proposes common program requirements for resident hours. In this paper, we first develop a mixed-integer programming model for scheduling residents’ duty hours considering the on-call night, day-off, rest period, and total work-hour ACGME regulations as well as the demand coverage requirements of the residency program. Subsequently, we propose a column generation model that consists of a master problem and an auxiliary problem. The master problem finds a configuration of individual schedules that minimizes the sum of deviations from the desired service levels for the day and night periods. The formulation of this problem is possible by representing the feasible schedules using column variables, whereas the auxiliary problem finds the whole set of feasible schedules using constraint programming. The proposed approach has been tested on a series of problems using real data obtained from a hospital. The results indicate that high-quality schedules can be obtained within a few seconds.     

Work hours, workload, sleep and fatigue in Australian Rail Industry employees

Research suggests that less than 5 h sleep in the 24 h prior to work and/or more than 16 h of wakefulness can significantly increase the likelihood of fatigue-related impairment and error at work. Studies have also shown exponential safety declines with time on shift, with roughly double the likelihood of accident or injury after 10 h relative to the first 8 h. While it is acknowledged that reduced sleep, increased wakefulness and longer work hours produce work-related fatigue, few studies have examined the impact of workload on this relationship. Studies in the rail industry have focused on drivers. This study investigated fatigue in a large sample of Australian Rail Industry Employees. Participants were from four companies (n = 90: 85m, 5f; mean age 40.2 ± 8.6 y). Data was analysed for a total of 713 shifts. Subjects wore wrist actigraphs and completed sleep and work diaries for 14-days. They also completed the Samn–Perelli Fatigue Scale at the beginning and end of shifts, and the NASA-TLX workload scale at least twice during each shift. Average (±SD) sleep length (7.2 ± 2.6 h), prior wake at shift end (12.0 ± 4.7 h), shift duration (8.0 ± 1.3) and fatigue (4.1 ± 1.3, “a little tired, less than fresh”) were within limits generally considered acceptable from a fatigue perspective. However, participants received 5 h or less sleep in the prior 24 h on 13%, were awake for at least 16 h at the end of 16% and worked at least 10 h on 7% of shifts. Subjects reported that they felt “extremely tired, very difficult to concentrate,” or “completely exhausted, unable to function effectively” on 13% of shifts. Sleep length (OR = 0.88, p < 0.01), shift duration (OR = 1.18, p < 0.05), night shift (REF = morning shift, OR = 2.12, p < 0.05) and workload ratings (OR = 1.2, p < 0.05) were significant predictors of ratings of extreme tiredness/exhaustion (yes/no). While on average, sleep loss, extended wakefulness, longer work hours and work-related fatigue do not appear problematic in this sample, there is still a notable percentage of shifts that are likely to be associated with high levels of work-related fatigue. Given the size of the Australian Rail Industry, with thousands of shifts occurring each day, this is potentially of operational concern. Further, results indicate that, in addition to sleep length, wakefulness and work hours, workload significantly influences fatigue. This has possible implications for bio-mathematical predictions of fatigue and for fatigue management more generally.     

Precarious employment, working hours, work-life conflict and health in hotel work

Precarious or temporary work is associated with adverse outcomes including low control over working hours, work-life conflict and stress. The rise in precarious employment is most marked in the service sector but little research has been done on its health effects in this sector. This study compares permanent and temporary workers in the hotel industry, where working hours are highly variable. Survey data from 150 workers from eight 3-Star hotels in urban and regional areas around Sydney were analyzed. Forty-five per cent were male and 52 per cent were female. Fifty four per cent were permanent full-time and 46 per cent were temporary workers. The effects of employment status on perceived job security, control over working hours, and work-life conflict are investigated using PLS-Graph 3.0. The effects of control over working hours, on work-life conflict and subsequent health outcomes are also explored. Temporary workers perceived themselves as less in control of their working hours, than permanent workers (β = .27). However, they also reported lower levels of work intensity (β = .25) and working hours (β = .38). The effects of low hours control (β = .20), work intensity (β = .29), and excessive hours (β = .39) on work-life conflict (r² = .50), and subsequent health effects (r² = .30), are illustrated in the final structural equation model.     

特大桥实体桥墩在日照作用下温度场及温度应力的仿真分析

通过走行线特大桥大体积混凝土桥墩的施工实例,运用Ansys有限元软件对日照作用下混凝土热环境的温度场及应力场进行仿真分析,结果表明：受日照太阳辐射的影响,混凝土外表面的温度变化比桥墩内部的温度变化快,出现温度的滞后性,当温度差达到最大值时并没有出现最大拉应力,在日照作用下桥墩产生了较大的拉应力;最大拉应力、压应力及温差值较大区段从8：00-17：00,压应力随着日照时间和方位角不同而呈现抛物线变化,最大拉应力递减效应较压应力变化较小,拉应力对桥墩外表面裂纹影响效用最大。     

客运站高峰期运输组织优化仿真

该文在对铁路客运站运输组织过程进行分析的基础上，建立了大型客运站高峰期运输组织优化的网络流模型．确定了相应的优化目标及评价方法，对客运组织方案在计算机中的表示方法进行了讨论，运用现代仿真技术，提出了大型客运站高峰期运输组织优化仿真的一般过程，对客运组织方案网络节点的类型及其表示、数据库设计及其实现等问题进行了讨论．对仿真中的关键技术提出了解决的方法。     

浅谈工时定额符合率统计分析方法

阐述了工时符合率分析的基本方法及实做时间、工时定额等符合率相关的数据统计过程,通过对工时定额的符合性进行分析,为工时定额的修订及生产效率提升提供依据,提高工时定额准确性。     

寒区PC连续箱梁日照温度场测试与分析

对黑龙江省齐齐哈尔嫩江大桥PC连续箱梁日照温度场进行测试,分析箱梁顶板、底板、腹板温度变化规律及温差分布规律,总结得出计算箱内温度的经验公式。     

Educational and intervention strategies for improving a shift system: an experience in a disabled persons' facility

The improvement of an irregular three-shift system with anti-clockwise rotation of workers of a disabled persons' facility covering 42 h a week was a subject for management-labour debate. Workers were complaining of physical fatigue, high prevalence of low back pain, sleep shortages associated with short inter-shift intervals, and irregular holidays. With the co-operation of trade union members, an educational and intervention programme was designed to analyse, plan, and implement improved shift rotation schemes. The programme consisted of (a) a group study on the existing system and effects on health and working life; (b) joint planning of potential schemes; (c) communication and feedback (d) testing and evaluation; and (e) agreement on an improved system. The group study was undertaken by means of time study, questionnaire and physiological methods, and the results were jointly discussed. This led to the planning of alternative shift schemes incorporating more regular, clockwise rotation. It was agreed to stage a trial period with a view to shorter working hours. This experience indicated the importance of a stepwise intervention strategy with frequent dialogues and a participatory process focusing on the broad range of working life and health issues.