论地名的对外书写

地名作为高使用频率的公共信息在进行对外书写时,应该按照国家相关法律文件的要求用汉语拼音书写,这不仅是为了与国际接轨,也可以有效避免歧义,维护国家主权和民族尊严。     

从接受美学的角度看川菜菜名的日译问题——以“意义空白”理论为中心

以读者为中心的接受美学理论已广泛运用在翻译理论的研究和实践上,为翻译理论提供了新的视角和方法。"意义空白"是接受美学的重要思想。"意义空白"一般有两种:一种是语言本身存在的不确定性,是一种无法表达的表达;另一种是作者为了制造再创造的空间而采用的手段。为了实现"意义空白",在翻译中通常采用补充或保留"意义空白"。随着我国国际交流的深入,川菜也开始走出国门,走向世界。但川菜在受到国外友人喜爱的同时,也因为菜名翻译方法的不规范而使川菜的传播受到一定的影响。文章拟从接受美学的角度,探寻"意义空白"理论对川菜菜名日译的指导作用。     

多社区网络上的命名博弈

为了模仿人类对新物体认知和命名的过程,提出了一种新型的命名博弈模型,它通过词汇的权重表示个体的认知程度,低权重词汇被删除模拟个体有限记忆的过程.实验发现,在单社区网络上,所有个体的词汇最终能够统一,通过总词汇数、不同词汇数和平均协议成功率的分析解释了新个体命名的演化过程.衰减因子和删除阈值的取值对于演化速度影响较大,当它们之间存在线性关系时演化收敛较快.通过将该模型应用到多社区网络模型上,发现收敛词汇数可能不唯一,会与社区数相同,且收敛词汇数的稳定性与网络社区化强度和社区内节点的平均度有关,而与社区内节点数无关.最后,使用微分动力学的方法对这种情况进行了定量分析.     

Using enhanced text to facilitate recognition of drug names: evidence from two experimental studies

Two studies examined the effects of enhanced text on immediate recognition of drug names. Study 1 sampled 102 college students using a between-subjects design, while Study 2 sampled 11 practicing pharmacists and technicians using a within-subjects Latin square design. Both studies utilized a computer-based sequential recognition task where a prime word was shown with various text enhancements, followed by a mask and then a target word. Participants decided whether the target word was the same as the prime word. Stimuli were organized so that 120 trials were matches and 120 trials were mismatches, randomly sequenced for each participant. Results showed an effect of orthographic similarity, where high-similarity name mismatches were missed more often. This effect was independent of the type of text enhancement used and response bias. Case-based enhancements also increased errors of commission (false alarms) significantly. Discussion includes the practical relevance of the data and future directions for research.     

Decidability and complexity of Petri nets with unordered data

We prove several decidability and undecidability results for ν-PN, an extension of P/T nets with pure name creation and name management. We give a simple proof of undecidability of reachability, by reducing reachability in nets with inhibitor arcs to it. Thus, the expressive power of ν-PN strictly surpasses that of P/T nets. We encode ν-PN into Petri Data Nets, so that coverability, termination and boundedness are decidable. Moreover, we obtain Ackermann-hardness results for all our decidable decision problems. Then we consider two properties, width-boundedness and depth-boundedness, that factorize boundedness. Width-boundedness has already been proven to be decidable. Here we prove that its complexity is also non-primitive recursive. Then we prove undecidability of depth-boundedness. Finally, we prove that the corresponding “place version” of all the boundedness problems is undecidable for ν-PN. These results carry over to Petri Data Nets.     

基于统计方法的中文姓名识别

本文介绍一个中文姓名的自动识别系统,该系统使用从姓名样本库和真实文本语料库中得到的大量统计数据,以提高系统识别性能。我们从1994年人民日报中随机抽取100篇文章作为测试样本,实验结果表明,准确率和召回率可同时达到90%以上。     

基于域名的(APACHE)虚拟主机实现

针对大学中各学院网站无独立域名并搭载在同一台Web服务器上,提出了基于域名的APACHEWeb应用服务系统的虚拟主机解决方案。通过对BIND域名应用软件及APACHE应用软件系统的配置提供虚拟主机服务,实现独立域名访问各学院网站。     

译林与出版双绝唱——张元济与林纾

商务印书馆早年名声鹊起,效益奇丰。除教科书广为发行外,严复的汉译名著和林纾的翻译小说的出版,尤其是后者所带来的大规模品种,在商务印书馆的产业化运作下,获得了极大的收益。十几年间,在商务印书馆教科书之外的业务撑起了半边天,为商务印书馆品牌串红起到了功不可没之效。作为中国近代翻译文学的奠基人、最后的古文家,林纾依托商务印书馆,在张元济的推动下,在中国近代文化史上发出了夺目的光彩。     

汉语"量词"术语英译正名

量词在汉语语法体系中已有定名,英语中没有另立词类,这样导致“量词”的英译名有些混乱和欠准确。实际上,英语中也有大量类似汉语量词的词或结构,许多语法学家也对此进行了探讨和分类。本文结合这些研究成果,从词源学和术语学角度对现有译名的内涵进行分析,以正汉“语量词”之译名。     

总理赔量分布的另一种选择:复合Poisson-逆高斯分布

本文考虑当理赔次数N的分布为Poisson-逆高斯分布时,相应的总理陪量分布(即复合Poisson-逆高斯分布)的两种近似:正态分布和平移Gamma分布。同时还考虑了当理赔量的分布为下指数分布时复合Poisson-逆高斯分布的尾概率的一种近似计算。