Underactuated fingers controlled by robust and adaptive trajectory following methods

Choosing an appropriate control scheme to alleviate nonlinearities and uncertainties is not a trivial task, especially when models are not easily available and practical evaluation provides the only means for actual performance assessment. Various factors can contribute to these nonlinearities and uncertainties, such as friction and stiction. Thus, this article investigates four different control schemes, namely PID, adaptive, conventional sliding mode control (SMC) and integral sliding mode control (ISMC) which are implemented in the Bristol Elumotion Robot Hand (BERUL) to analyse and overcome the aforementioned problems. The hand has five fingers with 16 joints and all fingers are underactuated. The implementation of the proposed control schemes are challenging since the BERUL fingers have significant friction, stiction and unknown parameters. The fingers are light in weight and fragile. Comparative performance characteristics have shown that the ISMC is the most suitable candidate to provide good experimental trajectory following and positioning control for underactuated BERUL fingers.     

Adaptive tracking control of an autonomous underwater vehicle

This paper presents the trajectory tracking control of an autonomous underwater vehicle(AUV). To cope with parametric uncertainties owing to the hydrodynamic effect, an adaptive control law is developed for the AUV to track the desired trajectory. This desired state-dependent regressor matrix-based controller provides consistent results under hydrodynamic parametric uncertainties.Stability of the developed controller is verified using the Lyapunov s direct method. Numerical simulations are carried out to study the efficacy of the proposed adaptive controller.     

基于虚拟弹簧的欠驱动手指的动力学建模和控制

采用虚拟弹簧对2关节欠驱动手指进行了动力学建模。并使用该方法建立实际的3关节欠驱动手指的动力学模型,通过动态控制实验验证了动力学模型的正确性。该方法不仅避免了求解微分几何方程,并且直接派生出可解耦的动力学模型。可直接进行逆动力学分析、仿真和实时控制。同时,建立了基于动力学模型的速度观测器,用于轨迹跟踪,弥补了欠驱动手没有速度传感器的缺点,补偿了欠驱动环节造成的不确定因素。与PID或计算力矩法相比较,其轨迹跟踪误差更小,动态控制效果更好。     

基于Backstepping的欠驱动船舶神经滑模航迹控制

在外界干扰和参数不确定的情况下,设计一种基于Backstepping的自适应神经滑模控制器对欠驱动船舶神经滑模航迹进行控制。采用趋近律的滑模控制,抑制常规滑模的固定切换增益系数带来的抖振现象;利用神经网络辨识对象,减少趋近律滑模控制对对象模型参数的依赖。以某实习船为例进行仿真,结果表明:在标称参数下,所设计的控制器能够有效跟踪设定的航迹并抑制常规滑模控制器的抖振现象;在外部环境扰动以及参数摄动的情况下,仍然能够实现较好的控制,表现出强鲁棒性。     

LDPC码在基于FH-FSK的AUV水声通信系统中的应用

水声信道严重的多途干扰和频率选择性衰落,将增加水声FH-FSK系统的平均误码率.此外,由于自主式水下交通工具(AUV)平台的运动特性,接收信号易产生时间选择性衰落,在接收端产生成串的突发错误甚至导致通信的中断.以上两方面因素将降低移动FH-FSK系统的可靠性,针对此问题,将多元低密度奇偶校验(LDPC)码与FH-FSK系统相结合,提出了一种基于多元LDPC码的水声FH-FSK系统.对比了基于二元LDPC码的FH-FSK系统与基于卷积码的FH-FSK系统的抗干扰性能,实验结果表明:前者具有更强的抗干扰能力.对比了基于多元LDPC码的FH-FSK系统与基于二元LDPC码的FH-FSK系统,仿真与实验结果表明:基于多元LDPC码的FH-FSK系统具有更强的抗干扰能力,可以进一步提高FH-FSK系统的可靠性.     

基于PNDSC 的欠驱动AUV编队控制器设计

针对含有模型不确定与未知海洋环境扰动下的欠驱动自主水下航行器(AUV)的编队控制问题, 提出一种基于预估器的神经网络动态面(PNDSC) 控制算法. 将动态面法引入控制器的设计中, 采用神经网络逼近AUV模型中的不确定项与海洋环境的扰动, 并结合预估器设计了神经网络权值的离散迭代更新率. Lyapunov 稳定性分析表明, 闭环系统所有信号是一致最终有界的. 仿真结果验证了所提出方法的有效性.

     

基于贝叶斯估计的水下机器人罗盘故障检测

以电子磁通门罗盘为例对自主水下机器人(Autonomous Underwater Vehicles,AUVs)传感器故障检测方法展开研究.针对电子罗盘极易受到周围磁场的影响而产生时对时错的数据这一问题,首先联立AUV的运动学和动力学方程得到AUV的全状态非线性模型;然后分析了电子罗盘的误差来源,建立了误差的模型;在此基础上,提出了基于贝叶斯估计的故障检测方法并给出了该方法离散形式的递推迭代公式;最后参照实际使用的电子罗盘的参数和AUV的机动能力,设计了仿真实验和外场试验,通过实验验证了该方法的正确性和有效性.     

Sliding Mode Control for Swing‐Up and Stabilization of the Cart‐Pole Underactuated System

This paper uses sliding mode control to accomplish the objectives of swing‐up and stabilization of the cart‐pole underactuated system. The features of underactuated systems prohibit direct application of conventional sliding mode control for fully‐actuated systems. In this paper, we design a novel sliding mode control for the cart‐pole underactuated system so that the control goals can be achieved. In addition, by simply changing the parameters of the sliding surface, we use only one sliding mode control scheme to swing up and to stabilize the cart‐pole system. Using the sliding mode dynamics and the internal dynamics, we show that the proposed sliding mode control can swing up the cart‐pole system from the stable equilibrium and can stabilize the system to the unstable equilibrium. Our simulation results on a cart‐pole system demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed sliding mode control. The proposed control schemes, the stability analysis, and the numerical simulation provide a useful guideline for designing the sliding mode control for the cart‐pole underactuated system.     

新型多自由度假手的研制

介绍了一种新型多自由度假手的机械结构、运动方式及其静力学分析．假手的主要结构部件由光敏树 脂制成,使用小型直流伺服电机作为驱动器．手指采用欠驱动及腱驱动方式．该假手具有拟人的外观、较低的整体 重量和对被抓物体外形的适应能力．文章研究了假手的运动特点及接触力规律,通过仿真对假手的接触受力规律进 行了校验．最后通过实验,对假手的运动规律与抓握能力进行了验证．     

基于改进双种群遗传算法的AUV路径规划方法研究

研究了在静态环境条件下AUV全局无碰撞的路径规划方法,提出了一种将顶点图像法与双种群遗传算法相结合的路径规划方法。利用顶点图像法建立环境模型,对候选路径进行二进制编码,然后利用改进的双种群遗传算法进行路径寻优。仿真实验表明,本文采用的改进双种群遗传算法是正确和有效的,具有运算速度快、全局优化能力强等优点。