煤泥水磁化改性及磁化-絮凝沉降研究

为研究磁化作用对煤泥颗粒同种表面电荷(ζ电位)及表面水化膜的影响,以磁场强度和磁化时间为变量对煤泥水进行磁化处理试验。采用自然沉降、絮凝沉降、混凝沉降和预磁化-絮凝沉降等方法对煤泥水进行沉降处理,分析沉降特性,揭示煤泥水磁化处理作用机理。结果表明,在0.15~0.25 T磁场下预磁化2~3 min时,煤泥颗粒的ζ电位由30.5 me V降至20.1 me V,煤泥颗粒的表面水化膜明显减薄。混凝沉降与预磁化-絮凝沉降的沉降速度、尾泥高度均明显优于单纯的絮凝沉降,而预磁化-絮凝沉降在沉降速度、上清液透光率、尾泥高度等方面又优于混凝沉降,尾泥高度减少25%,煤泥水透光率达到82.2%。     

Applications of analytical electron microscopy to guide the design of boron carbide

Compositional analysis of boron carbide on nanometer length scales to examine or interpret atomic mechanisms, for example, solid-state amorphization or grain-boundary segregation, is challenging. This work reviews advancements in high-resolution microanalysis to characterize multiple generations of boron carbide. First, ζ-factor microanalysis will be introduced as a powerful (scanning) transmission electron microscopy ((S)TEM) analytical framework to accurately characterize boron carbide. Three case studies involving the application of ζ-factor microanalysis will then be presented: (1) accurate stoichiometry determination of B-doped boron carbide using ζ-factor microanalysis and electron energy loss spectroscopy, (2) normalized quantification of silicon grain-boundary segregation in Si-doped boron carbide, and (3) calibration of a scanning electron microscope X-ray energy-dispersive spectroscopy (XEDS) system to measure compositional homogeneity differences of B/Si-doped arc-melted boron carbides in the as-melted and annealed conditions. Overall, the improvement and application of advanced analytical tools have helped better understand processing–microstructure–property relationships and successfully manufacture high-performance ceramics.     

胶体五氧化二锑的制备及性质

以H3PO4 作为稳定剂,经双氧水氧化法制备胶体Sb2O5,对影响胶粒大小与分布的因素以及胶粒的荷电性、物相组成、光吸收特性、热稳定性进行了研究。结果表明,在 95℃、n(H3PO4 ) /n(Sb) =0 1~0 3、n(H2O2 ) /n(Sb2O3 ) >2 0条件下,制备出胶粒粒径 30nm左右的高度分散的胶体Sb2O5,胶粒表面带负电,等电点从pH=1 .85向更酸性范围移动,在 2ζ│均高于 30mV。胶态干粉是立方晶Sb2O5·4H2O,但衍射峰弥散宽化,并且胶体的紫外-可见光吸收表现出明显的蓝移规律,最大吸收峰从 540nm移至 236nm左右。TG-DTA分析也表明,胶态干粉的组成是Sb2O5·4H2O,且在 500℃以下只发生了脱水反应。     

表面活性剂在β-2CaO·SiO2/NaAlO2溶液界面吸附行为的电化学研究

利用分析纯试剂合成β-2CaO·SiO2,研究表面活性剂聚乙二醇(PEG)和聚丙烯酸钠(PAAS)及二者混合物对铝酸钠溶液中β-2CaO·SiO2分解的影响,并通过Zeta电位测量、XPS等手段对吸附前后固?液界面电化学性能以及吸附机理进行研究。结果表明：PEG与PAAS对抑制二次反应具有协同作用,在PAAS与PEG体积比为1：1的混合添加模式下,总浓度为12.5 mg/L时抑制二次反应效果最好;PAAS在β-2CaO·SiO2上通过形成-COOCa配位键发生吸附,负电荷进入Stern层,导致吸附颗粒电位下降,渣中Ca 2p、Si 2p和O 1s结合能均发生较大变化;PEG发生物理吸附,吸附对界面电位不产生影响,且渣中Ca 2p、Si 2p和O 1s结合能变化不明显。     

巴氏杜氏藻ζ-胡萝卜素脱氢酶基因的克隆与分析

ζ-胡萝卜素脱氢酶(ZDS)基因是胡萝卜素生物合成途径中的一个关键酶之一。根据实验室已获得的巴氏杜氏藻ZDS基因的cDNA序列,设计引物,通过分段PCR的方法,获得ZDS基因的编码区序列。然后根据获得编码区序列,利用染色体步移的方法获得其两端侧翼序列:启动子和终止子,并利用生物信息学工具对获得序列进行分析。实验获得的完整ZDS基因全长11896 bp,其中编码区序列(从"ATG"到"TAA")长度为6435,编码区上游序列4091 bp(包括33 bp的5’UTR序列),编码区下游序列1370 bp(包括411 bp的3’UTR序列)。将编码序列与cDNA(开放阅读框)进行比对,发现整个编码区序列含有12个外显子和11个内含子,其中内含子长度达4686 bp,约为外显子长度的2.68倍,内含子均以GT开始,AG收尾,属于最常见的内含子类型。通过生物信息学分,发现ZDS启动子中具有多种转录因子结合位点,包括与光调控有关的GAGAbox,ASF1;与植物黄化反应有光的ACGTbox等。     

壳聚糖对大豆球蛋白聚集情况影响的研究

研究了不同pH和离子强度条件下,壳聚糖对大豆球蛋白(11S)聚集情况的影响作用。研究发现:添加壳聚糖可以显著抑制大豆球蛋白(11S)在其等电点区域(pH5.0)的聚集情况,并且通过粒度与ζ-电位的测试发现壳聚糖与大豆球蛋白(11S)的作用方式是静电相互作用。在0.1wt%壳聚糖存在时,大豆球蛋白(11S)溶液的等电点从pH5.09改变为pH7.81。而NaCl的存在会屏蔽壳聚糖的正电荷,从而减弱静电相互作用,使体系的聚集情况增加。在一定的pH和离子强度下,壳聚糖对大豆球蛋白的热诱导聚集同样有抑制作用。     

聚丙烯腈UF膜的微孔表面ζ电位和电荷密度

根据Helmholtz-Smoluchowski方程,由实验测定的流动电位计算聚丙烯腈ACP-0053超滤膜的ζzeta电位,并根据Gouy-Chapmann方程,估算出膜的微孔表面电荷密度。表明UF膜微孔表面ζ电位和电荷密度与电解质的种类、浓度有关。UF膜在NaCl与KCl体系的ζ电位相近,在MgCl2与MgSO4体系的ζ电位也相近,即阳离子价态和结构越相近,ζ电位越相近,但当阴离子价态较高时,也有一定影响。由膜微孔表面ζ电位和电荷密度随溶液浓度的变化关系可知,在低浓度区域,膜表面ζ电位和电荷密度较高,并出现一个峰值,之后随浓度增大而缓慢降低。     

Relationship among the composition,synthesis conditions,and surface acid-basic properties of xerogel particles based on zirconium dioxide

ZrO₂–Y₂O₃–CeO₂, ZrO₂–Y₂O₃ and ZrO₂–CeO₂ xerogels were prepared by coprecipitation of the corresponding hydroxides followed by the precipitate processing using different procedures involving maturation in the mother liquor within 24 h, freezing and ultrasonic treatment. The surface acid-base properties of the prepared xerogel particles were studied by measuring pH changes upon their suspension in water. The obtained results allow the analysis of relationships among the xerogel synthesis conditions, behavior of xerogel particles in the aqueous medium and their agglomeration, thus providing the adjustment and prediction of the properties of ceramic materials prepared from the studied powders.     

Preparation and Evaluation of SEDDS and SMEDDS Containing Carvedilol

ABSTRACT

A new self-emulsifying drug delivery system (SEDDS) and self-microemulsifying drug delivery system (SMEDDS) have been developed to increase the solubility, dissolution rate, and, ultimately, oral bioavailability of a poorly water soluble drug, carvedilol. Ternary phase diagrams were used to evaluate the self-emulsification and self-microemulsfication domains. The self-emulsification time following introduction into an aqueous medium under gentle agitation was evaluated. The minimum self-emulsification time was found at a Tween 80 content of 40%. The particle size distribution and ζ-potential were determined. Benzoic acid had a dual function, it improved the self-emulsification performance of SEDDS and SMEDDS in 0.1 N HCl and lead to a positively charged emulsion. The in vitro dissolution rate of carvedilol from SEDDS and SMEDDS was more than two-fold faster compared with that from tablets. The developed SEDDS formulations significantly improved the oral bioavailability of carvedilol significantly, and the relative oral bioavailability of SEDDS compared with commercially available tablets was 413%.     

Physical and antimicrobial properties of chitosan–tea tree essential oil composite films

Antimicrobial films were prepared by incorporating different concentrations of tea tree essential oil (TTO) into chitosan (CH) films. Film-forming dispersions (FFD) were characterized in terms of rheological properties, particle size distribution and ζ-potential. In order to study the impact of the incorporation of TTO into the CH matrix, the water vapour permeability (WVP), mechanical and optical properties of the dry films were evaluated. The properties of the films were related with their microstructure, which was observed by SEM. Furthermore, the antimicrobial effectiveness of CH–TTO composite films against Listeria monocytogenes and Penicillium italicum was studied.