UniFed SBR 工艺对生活污水除磷的研究

鉴于UniFed SBR工艺具有进水/排水/沉淀阶段同步进行、底部进水、顶部出水及反应器保持恒水位状态等特点,此工艺具有良好的生物除磷脱氮性能.本试验采用厌氧/缺氧/好氧交替运行的UniFed SBR反应器.考察了不同进水碳磷比ρ(C)/ρ(P)值、排水比、最大除磷负荷及曝气量对于系统生物除磷效果的影响.结果表明,对于不同进水ρ(C)/ρ(P)值,分别得到相应的释磷和吸磷速率,当ρ(C)/ρ(P)=23时,系统的出水磷质量浓度为0.89 kg/m~3,去除率为94.67%,当ρ(C)/ρ(P)>23时,可使出水磷质量浓度为零,说明此工艺独特的运行方式适用于低ρ(C)/ρ(P)值生活污水的深度除磷;当进水ρ(COD)成为释磷的限制因素时,随着排水比的增大,出水ρ(P)降低,但当进水ρ(COD)充足时,排水比对于磷的去除影响不大,均能保持较高的去除效率.该工艺独特的运行方式使其在实际操作中达到了很好的除磷效果,并为强化生物除磷提出了新思路和新方法.     

Quantifying requirements volatility effects

In an organization operating in the bancassurance sector we identified a low-risk IT subportfolio of 84 IT projects comprising together 16,500 function points, each project varying in size and duration, for which we were able to quantify its requirements volatility. This representative portfolio stems from a much larger portfolio of IT projects. We calculated the volatility from the function point countings that were available to us. These figures were aggregated into a requirements volatility benchmark. We found that maximum requirements volatility rates depend on size and duration, which refutes currently known industrial averages. For instance, a monthly growth rate of 5% is considered a critical failure factor, but in our low-risk portfolio we found more than 21% of successful projects with a volatility larger than 5%. We proposed a mathematical model taking size and duration into account that provides a maximum healthy volatility rate that is more in line with the reality of low-risk IT portfolios. Based on the model, we proposed a tolerance factor expressing the maximal volatility tolerance for a project or portfolio. For a low-risk portfolio its empirically found tolerance is apparently acceptable, and values exceeding this tolerance are used to trigger IT decision makers. We derived two volatility ratios from this model, the π-ratio and the ρ-ratio. These ratios express how close the volatility of a project has approached the danger zone when requirements volatility reaches a critical failure rate. The volatility data of a governmental IT portfolio were juxtaposed to our bancassurance benchmark, immediately exposing a problematic project, which was corroborated by its actual failure. When function points are less common, e.g. in the embedded industry, we used daily source code size measures and illustrated how to govern the volatility of a software product line of a hardware manufacturer. With the three real-world portfolios we illustrated that our results serve the purpose of an early warning system for projects that are bound to fail due to excessive volatility. Moreover, we developed essential requirements volatility metrics that belong on an IT governance dashboard and presented such a volatility dashboard.     

交替缺氧/好氧CAST处理低ρ_(COD)/ρ_(TN)生活污水的脱氮研究

以低ρCOD/ρTN生活污水为处理对象,在连续和分段2种进水方式下分析了交替缺氧/好氧循环式活性污泥法工艺的脱氮性能及曝气需求量,并研究了分段进水方式下pH、ρDO和氧化还原电位(oxidation reduction potential,ORP)的变化规律.结果表明,连续进水方式下,系统TN平均去除率75.1%,系统因长期低负荷运行而发生污泥膨胀,污泥容积指数(sludge volume index,SVI)平均值为229 mL/g,同时,曝气量升至0.56 m3/h时,才能使NH4+-N去除率大于99%;采用分段进水方式时,系统TN平均去除率可提高至81.5%,污泥沉降性能良好,并且曝气量降至0.24 m3/h时,系统NH 4+-N去除率仍大于99%,节省了运行费用.此外,当采用分段进水时,反应区内的pH值、ρDO和ORP值曲线有较明显的变化规律,并与反应区内污染物浓度的变化有着较好的相关性.     

不同含量低污染水对人工湿地中细菌的影响研究

探究水平流人工湿地(HFCW)系统处理低污染水过程中,相同COD/ρ(TN)下不同碳氮含量对细菌群落结构的影响。结果表明,进水为较高碳氮含量的HFCW(HF1)和进水为较低碳氮含量的HFCW(HF2)对COD和TN的去除效率具有一定的差异,HF1和HF2对COD的去除效率分别为48.26%和28.89%,对TN的去除率分别为79.06%和81.87%。HF1中细菌的丰富度和多样性均高于HF2,HF1中富集的优势细菌为Chloroflexaceae、Comamonadaceae和Rhodocyclaceae,均具有异养反硝化功能,HF2中富集的优势细菌为Xanthomonadaceae和Rhodocyclaceae,其中Xanthomonadaceae具有自养反硝化功能。COD、NH4^+-N和NO3^--N对HF1中细菌群落的影响大于对HF2中细菌群落的影响,HF1中COD对细菌群落的影响大于NH4^+-N和NO3^--N。     

Phase behavior of mixtures of ionic liquids and organic solvents

A corresponding-states form of the generalized van der Waals equation, previously developed for mixtures of an ionic liquid and a supercritical solute, is here extended to mixtures including an ionic liquid and a solvent (water or organic). Group contributions to characteristic parameters are implemented, leading to an entirely predictive method for densities of mixed compressed ionic liquids. Quantitative agreement with experimental data is obtained over wide ranges of conditions. Previously, the method has been applied to solubilities of sparingly soluble gases in ionic liquids and in organic solvents. Here we show results for heavier and more-than-sparingly solutes such as carbon dioxide and propane in ionic liquids.     

低温溶液法制备TiO2/γ-AlO(OH)纳米复合粉体及其光催化性能

以硝酸铝为铝源,钛酸四丁酯为钛源,柠檬酸三铵为起泡剂,聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)作表面活性剂,采用低温溶液法制备TiO2/γ-AlO(OH)复合纳米粉体光催化剂;采用HRTEM、FESEM、EDS、XRD、紫外-可见漫反射光谱(UV-Vis DRS)和N2吸附-脱附(BET)等手段对复合材料进行表征;研究了γ-AlO(OH)掺杂量、PVP表面活性剂等对TiO2/γ-AlO(OH)复合纳米粉体的形貌及光催化活性的影响规律;探究了吸附作用对催化剂活性的影响。结果表明：载体材料γ-AlO(OH)纳米微球的介孔结构限制了TiO2纳米晶的团聚和长大,适当添加PVP表面活性剂可以减少复合粉体团聚,并调控其微观形貌;当γ-AlO(OH)掺杂质量分数为10%、PVP添加量为0.1 mmol时,制备的TiO2/γ-AlO(OH)复合粉体的BET比表面积为334.27 m2/g,催化性能最佳,光照30 min,对罗丹明B的降解效率为94.26%,远大于纯锐钛矿结构TiO2和市售P25催化剂。     

Investigating heat conduction in a sphere with heat absorption using generalized Caputo fractional derivative

In this paper, we study the ρ-Laplace transform and the finite sin-Fourier transform as powerful tools in solving fractional differential equations with generalized Caputo derivative. We use these transforms to solve the time-fractional heat equation with a generalized Caputo fractional derivative associated with heat absorption in spherical coordinates. We obtain the solutions in two cases of Dirichlet boundary conditions. The effect of the parameter $\rho$, which characterizes the generalized Caputo derivative is illustrated through some numerical examples.     

关于-混合序列的若干强极限定理

运用截尾的方法和三级数定理,在一定条件下研究了ρ-混合随机变量序列的强大数定理。     

硅微粉对ρ-Al2O3结合莫来石浇注料的影响

以各种粒度烧结莫来石做骨料,以棕刚玉细粉和氧化铝微粉为基质,以ρ-Al2O3微粉为结合剂,制备了莫来石浇注料,研究了不同硅微粉加入量对浇注料性能的影响,并借助XRD、SEM等对其物相和显微结构进行检测.结果表明:随着硅微粉量的增大,浇注料强度呈现先升高后降低的变化规律,高温抗折强度在硅微粉加入量为6％时达到极值.主要原因在于:硅微粉加入适量能形成液相促进烧结,并在基质中形成较多莫来石,提高了高温强度;硅微粉加入过多时,产生过烧结,在试样中产生大量液相并形成较多裂纹,又使得高温抗折强度降低.     

一致K-（Fb，ρ）-凸多目标半无限规划的Wolfe型对偶性

利用K-方向导数和K-次微分,定义了一致K-（Fb,ρ）-凸,一致K-（Fb,ρ）-伪凸和一致K-（Fb,ρ）-拟凸等一些非光滑非凸函数,并研究了涉及此类广义凸性的一类非光滑多目标半无限规划的Wolfe型对偶性．