产出水的化学处理

关于油田产出水的化学处理存在许多误解。本文通过提供对特种化学品用途的了解并回顾产出水的化学性质，有助于克服这些误解。本文讨论了用于改变这些化学性质的化学品，以克服共同的石油生产问题。特别关注的是破乳剂、净化水化学、确定处理水化学性质的方法和产出水处理趋势。     

如何合理使用甲醇合成催化剂

1 前言 催化剂又称触媒，是参与化学反应而不会在反应过程中发生质量变化或化学性质的变化，作用是加快化学反应的速率的物质。随着化学工业在国民经济中地位的提高，催化剂也越来越显示出其重要作用，因为大多数化工产品生产过程是通过催化剂得以实现的，催化剂对于原料的使用以及反应产物如何分布有着决定性影响。     

如何选择不同类型的锂原电池

在过去１０年内，不可充电的锂电池（原电池）已成为主电源和备用电源通常使用的碳锌电池、碱性电池和其他商用电池的优良替代物。锂电池．不管是锂氯化亚硫酸电池，还是锂二氧化硫电池或锂二氧化锰电池，都具有异常宽的工作特性。这些特性使得锂电池特别适合用作各种需要放电率低且能可靠地工作好几年的不同备用电源。锂电池还非常适用于以下一些场合：需要适中的或很高的连续供电或变化很大的中间脉冲供电场合；要求每个电池有很高工作电压的场合；以及从平坦的放电特性中得到好处的场合。如果您需要优异的能量密度，需要电池在很宽的工作…     

Co^3＋—modified Surface of LiMn2O4 Spinel for its Improvementof Electrochemical Properties

Cobalt was used to modify the surface of spinel LiMn2O4 by a solution technique to produce Co^3 -modified surface material (COMSM). Cobalt was only doped into the surface of LiMn2O4 spinel. XPS(X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy) analysis confirms the valence state of Co^3 . COMSM has stable spinel structure and can prevent active materials from the corrosion of electrolyte. The ICP(inductively coupled plasma) determination of the spinel dissolution in electrolyte showed the content of Mn dissolved from COMSM was smaller than that from the pure spinel. AC impedance patterns show that the charge-transfer resistance (Rct) for COMSM is smaller than that for pure spinel. The particles of COMSM are bigger in size than those of pure spinel according to the micrographs of SEM(scanning electron microscopy). The determinations of the electrochemical characterization show that COMSM has both good cycling performance and high initial capacity of 124.1 mA/h at an average capacity loss of 0.19 mAh/g per cycle.     

用于LCD的ITO透明导电基板的技术要求和检测方法

本文对LCD行业使用的ITO透明导电基板的作用、结构、技术要求和检测方法进行了介绍。对影响LCD显示屏质量的关键技术要求进行了着重阐述。     

激光催化剂

加拿大的研究人员首次利用激光作为催化剂控制化学反应。 化学家通常使用激光操纵反应，但是总有一些光被靶分子吸收，对分子的化学性质产生永久、不利的影响。与此相反．这项称为动力斯塔克控制（DSC）的新技术中没有光吸收，光的作用类似于传统的化学催化剂。（Science 314 278）     

恩氏蒸馏曲线数学模型的研究

本文介绍了改进Dhulesia提出的恩氏蒸馏曲线内插数学模型;搜集了国内大多数油田、炼油厂的800多组恩氏蒸馏数据,建立了预测恩氏蒸馏数据的数学模型,包括18个计算公式,平均绝对误差为3～9℃。本文给出4个计算公式。     

乳化稠油物理化学性质研究

锦州采油厂利用乳化稠油的增粘作用、颗粒堵塞作用、吸附作用进行堵水,取得了可观的经济效益和社会效益,2003～2006年现场应用161井次,措施有效率达91.3%,累计增油4.83×104t,降低产水10×104m3,投入产出比为1:18.2.实验证明,该堵剂具有良好的选择性和封堵性能,有广阔的应用前景.     

三氮唑乙酸铜(Ⅱ)配位聚合物的合成和电化学性质

以2-(1氢-1,2,4-三氮唑)-1-乙酸(Htrza)为主配体,4,4′-bipy为辅助配体,与Cu(ClO_4)_2·6H_2O反应合成了配合物{[Cu(trza)(4,4′-bipy)]·(H_2O)·(ClO_4)}n,通过元素分析和红外对其进行了表征。配合物的电化学性能研究表明:在-1.6～0.2V电位范围内,配合物发生了受扩散控制的准可逆反应,电子转移数为2,扩散系数为1.02×10~(-6)。     

Structural stability of single-layered LaNi4.25Al0.75 film and its electrochemical hydrogen-storage properties

AB5-based hydrogen storage thin fdms （LaNi4.25Al0.75）, deposited on Cu substrate by dc magnetron sputtering were investigated in this study. X-ray diffraction （XRD） revealed that the microstructure of the layer was in crystal form. SEM and AFM analyses proved that the film appeared to be rather rough with numerous randomly sized pores of approximately 15-40 in nm diameter. Structural stability of the film was examined by the combined analyses of DSC, XRD, and SEM, which indicated that this film maintained its structural stability below 500 K or so, and a network structure was observed on the film after being heated at 700 K for 30 min. Electrochemical hydrogen-storage properties of the films were investigated by simulated battery tests. It was found that single-layered LaNi4.25A10.75 film exhibited electrochemical hydrogen-storage properties similar to typical AB5 alloys in bulk, and the maximum discharge capacity of the film was about 220 mAh/g. After 20 charge/discharge cycles, small needle-shaped aluminium oxide was formed on some fractions of the film surface.