拟康定乌头中二萜生物碱成分及拒食活性

[目的]为了研究拟康定乌头中化学成分及其拒食活性.[方法]利用正反相硅胶柱层析进行分离纯化,结合HR-ESIMS、IR、1D和2D NMR等波谱技术对分离得到的化合物结构进行鉴定,采用叶碟法测试了其中10个化合物对甜菜夜蛾3龄幼虫的拒食活性.[结果]共分离得到15个二萜生物碱.其中10个化合物均存在一定的拒食活性.[结...     

高乌头中活性物质的杀虫活性

为了获得高乌头中对3龄粘虫具有较强毒杀作用的活性物质,通过系统分离和活性追踪,分离出活性物质,并通过波谱数据和单晶X-衍射对其进行表征。分离获得了3种具有生物活性的二萜类生物碱,它们分别是去亚甲光飞燕草碱、硬飞燕草碱和来本宁。这3种二萜类生物碱均首次从该植物中分离。     

伏毛铁棒锤根中总生物碱的串联质谱分析

采用电喷雾串联质谱（ESI-MSⁿ）和高分辨电喷雾质谱（HR-ESI-MS）对伏毛铁棒锤根中总生物碱进行分析。由一级质谱图获得各生物碱成分的准分子离子峰，通过高分辨质谱测出其相应的分子式，再经串联质谱获得一些分子结构信息，伏毛铁棒锤根中的5个主要生物碱成分为12-表-欧乌头碱、3-脱氧乌头碱、乌头碱、3-脱氧乌头碱-8-亚油酸酯和乌头碱-8-亚油酸酯。     

火焰子生物碱对酪氨酸酶的抑制作用

以磷酸缓冲溶液为反应体系、以左旋多巴为底物,采用分光光度法研究了火焰子生物碱对马铃薯酪氨酸酶活性的影响.结果表明,火焰子生物碱对马铃薯酪氨酸酶有抑制作用,抑制作用随着浓度的增大而增强,当火焰子生物碱浓度为1.25 mg·mL-1时,抑制率达最大,为29.27%,导致酶活力下降一半所需的抑制剂浓度(IC50)为0.93 ...     

Comparison of the physicochemical and functional properties of Aconitum carmichaeli and Aconiti lateralis Preparata starches

Aconitum, an important toxic traditional Chinese medicine, has been widely used in clinical practice. Owing to its toxicity, it should be processed before application. Aconiti lateralis Preparata (ALP) is one of the most important commercial processed products of Aconitum. The object of this work is to study the physicochemical and functional properties of Aconitum and ALP starches. The results revealed that AM content changed, transforming from 37.5 to 27.5% after processing. The shape of Aconitum starch granules also changed from spherical or oval with sizes of 5–15 µm to irregular and polygonal with sizes of 30–60 µm. The crystallinity of Aconitum decreased from 38.7 to 23.0% after processing. The transition temperatures (T_o, T_p and T_c) and enthalpy of gelatinization (ΔH_gel) were determined using DSC. T_o, T_p and T_c decreased from 52.9 to 48.6, 66.9 to 58.9, and 82.2 to 69.3°C, respectively. Aconitum starch showed higher ΔH_gel values (1.6 J/g), while the ALP starch showed lower values (0.4 J/g).     

Poisonous Piperidine Plants and the Biodiversity of Norditerpenoid Alkaloids for Leads in Drug Discovery: Experimental Aspects

There are famous examples of simple (e.g., hemlock, Conium maculatum L.) and complex (e.g., opium poppy, Papaver somniferum L., Papaveraceae) piperidine-alkaloid-containing plants. Many of these are highly poisonous, whilst pepper is well-known gastronomically, and several substituted piperidine alkaloids are therapeutically beneficial as a function of dose and mode of action. This review covers the taxonomy of the genera Aconitum, Delphinium, and the controversial Consolida. As part of studying the biodiversity of norditerpenoid alkaloids (NDAS), the majority of which possess an N-ethyl group, we also quantified the fragment occurrence count in the SciFinder database for NDA skeletons. The wide range of NDA biodiversity is also captured in a review of over 100 recently reported isolated alkaloids. Ring A substitution at position 1 is important to determine the NDA skeleton conformation. In this overview of naturally occurring highly oxygenated NDAs from traditional Aconitum and Delphinium plants, consideration is given to functional effect and to real functional evidence. Their high potential biological activity makes them useful candidate molecules for further investigation as lead compounds in the development of selective drugs.     

附子不同组织中生物碱含量的测定

对附子不同组织中乌头总碱和3种双酯型生物碱一新乌头碱、乌头碱和次乌头碱的含量进行了测定。用酸性染料比色法测定乌头类总生物碱的含量;反相高效液相色谱法测定新乌头碱、乌头碱、次乌头碱的含量,色谱柱为：Zorbax extend—C18（150mm×4．6mm,5．0μm）,流动相为乙腈-0．1％乙二胺,梯度洗脱,流速为1mL／min,检测波长为240mn,柱温30℃。结果表明：附子不同组织中生物碱的含量呈现明显的差异性。子根、茎秆、叶、须根和母根中乌头类总生物碱含量分别为：5．53,3．81,14．77,8．87和4．58mg／g;3种双酯型生物碱含量在不同组织中的含量顺序为：须根〉子根〉母根〉叶片〉茎秆。该研究可为附子资源的综合利用提供科学依据。     

紫斑牡丹籽饼粕单萜苷类成分的分离鉴定

目的:研究紫斑牡丹榨油后的籽饼粕单萜苷类化学成分的分离鉴定,探索油用牡丹籽油制备过程中的副产物——牡丹籽饼粕的研究开发价值。方法:采用硅胶、凝胶柱色谱以及半制备高效液相色谱等技术进行分离纯化,综合运用波谱学方法鉴定化合物的结构。结果:从油用牡丹籽饼粕中共分离的8个单萜苷类化合物,分别鉴定为β-gentiobiosyl-paeoniflorin(1)、白芍苷(2)、氧化白芍苷(3)、牡丹酮-1-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(4)、白芍苷R1(5)、paeonifanin(6)、8-O-去苯甲酰白芍苷(7)、牡丹皮苷F(8)。结论:上述8个化合物均为首次从紫斑牡丹榨油后的牡丹籽饼粕中分离得到。结果表明油用牡丹籽饼粕中含有大量的单萜苷类化合物,具有重要的研究开发价值。     

Using cell membrane chromatography and HPLC-TOF/MS method for in vivo study of active components from roots of Aconitum carmichaeli

An offline two-dimensional system combining a rat cardiac muscle cell membrane chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry (CMC-TOF/MS) with a high performance liquid chromatography time-of-flight ...