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1.
The wide electrochemical window and ion exchange properties of a room-temperature ionic liquid (RTIL) have been exploited for the extraction of palladium from nitric acid medium into ionic liquid phase — followed by direct electrodeposition of the metal from the organic phase. Extraction of palladium by commercial Aliquat 336 ionic liquids, tri-n-octylmethylammonium chloride (TOMAC) and tri-n-octylmethylammonium nitrate (TOMAN), was studied as a function of [HNO3], [NO3−] and [TOMAN]. The distribution ratio (DPd(II)) of palladium in TOMAN increased with an increase in the concentration of nitric acid and passed through a maximum at 1.0 M nitric acid. In contrast, the DPd(II) value of palladium in TOMAC decreased continuously with an increase in the concentration of nitric acid. Substantial amounts of water and nitric acid were also co-extracted into the organic phase with palladium. 相似文献
2.
Su‐Hsia Lin Hsiang‐Chien Kao Shih‐Hung Huang Ruey‐Shin Juang 《Journal of chemical technology and biotechnology (Oxford, Oxfordshire : 1986)》2002,77(2):168-174
The equilibrium and kinetics of solvent extraction of Cu2+ from aqueous solutions containing equimolar EDTA with Aliquat 336 in n‐decanol and kerosene at 298 K were investigated. The concentrations of Cu2+ (8–50 mol m?3), Cl? (5–60 mol m?3), and Aliquat 336 (20–100 mol m?3) were varied. A semi‐empirical model with three parameters was proposed to describe the equilibrium behavior, in which the non‐idealities in both aqueous and organic phases were considered. Over the ranges studied, the model agreed reasonably well with the experimental data (standard deviation, 15%). The forward and backward reaction rate constants were determined as (5.31 ± 0.16)×10?6 m9/4 mol?3/4 s?1 and (2.62 ± 0.09)×10?7 s?1, respectively, at 298 K. An interfacial reaction mechanism was proposed, which revealed that the reaction between the chelated anions and trimeric amine molecules at the interface was rate limiting. The derived rate laws were consistent with the experimental results. © 2002 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
3.
Jens MaßbergJan Schneider 《Theoretical computer science》2011,412(50):6948-6958
We formulate a generalization of the NP-complete rectangle packing problem by parameterizing it in terms of packing density, the ratio of rectangle areas, and the aspect ratio of individual rectangles. Then we show that almost all restrictions of this problem remain NP-complete and identify some cases where the answer to the decision problem can be found in constant time. 相似文献
4.
Sagarika Acharya 《分离科学与技术》2017,52(10):1660-1669
Solvent extraction of La(III) from acidic nitrate medium has been studied with [A336][NO3–] in kerosene. The factors affecting the extraction of La(III) like equilibration time, nitrate ion, extractant and La(III) concentrations, aqueous acidity, O/A ratio variation, nature of diluent, and temperature have been investigated. McCabe-Thiele diagram has been plotted to find out the actual number of theoretical stages needed for complete extraction of lanthanum. The solvent has been successfully regenerated for further use after stripping of the metal. IR studies of [A336][NO3–] and La(III) loaded [A336][NO3–] have been carried out. Modeling of extraction data has been done using Multiple linear regression analysis and Artificial Neural Network, and the performances have been compared. Error in each case was evaluated in terms of R2 and Root mean squared error (RMSE). Maximum extraction of La(III) was 82% when 0.6 M [A336][NO3–] was used for extraction. About 98% of the metal has been recovered using 0.2 M HNO3 as stripping agent. Extractive separation of La(III) and Sm(III) was maximum (β = 65.2) using 0.1 M [A336][NO3–]. IR studies revealed formation of lanthanum complex in the extraction process. Artificial Neural Network proved to be better over Multiple linear regression in data prediction. 相似文献
5.
Kailas L. Wasewar Diwakar Shende Amit Keshav 《Journal of chemical technology and biotechnology (Oxford, Oxfordshire : 1986)》2011,86(2):319-323
Itaconic acid finds a place in various industrial applications. It can be produced by biocultivation in a clean and environment friendly route but recovery of the acid from the dilute stream of the bioreactor is an economic problem. Reactive extraction is a promising method to recover carboxylic acid but suffers from toxicity problems of the diluent and extractant employed. So there is need for a non‐toxic extractant and diluent or a combination of less toxic extractants in a non‐toxic diluent that can recover acid efficiently. Effect of different extractants: tri‐n‐butylphosphate (TBP) (an organophosporous compound) and Aliquat 336 (a quaternary amine) in sunflower oil was studied to find the best extractant–sunflower oil combination. Equilibrium complexation constant, KE, values of 1.789 and 2.385 m3 kmol?1, respectively, were obtained for itaconic acid extraction using TBP and Aliquat 336 in sunflower oil. The problem of toxicity in reactive extraction can be reduced by using a natural non‐toxic diluent (sunflower oil) with the extractant. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
6.
Reactive extraction of bio‐based 3‐hydroxypropionic acid assisted by hollow‐fiber membrane contactor using TOA and Aliquat 336 in n‐decanol
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7.
宇佐美曲霉L-336酸性蛋白酶2m~3罐中试发酵研究报告 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
宇佐美曲霉栗色变种L-336是分泌高单位酸性蛋白酶的生产菌,在摇瓶小试工艺基础上进行2m3罐发酵中试,结果表明:较优发酵培养基(%)为黄豆粉4.3,玉米粉1.0,鱼粉0.7,蚕蛹水解液10,Na2HPO40.2,CaCl20.5,NH4Cl1.0,豆油1.6;风量为0~25h时1∶0.4v/v/m,25~50h时1∶1.0v/v/m,50h后1∶1.3v/v/m;接种量10%,温度31℃,搅拌转速200r/min,发酵周期75h。在上述条件下,发酵酶活力稳定在5500u/ml左右。 相似文献
8.
9.
The selective separation of cobalt from acidic media, containing both equimolar and nonequimolar mixtures of cobalt and nickel, was examined by supported liquid membranes using Alamine 336 as mobile carrier dissolved in various diluents. The membrane support was microporous hydrophobic polypropylene Celgard 2500 (25 μm thick, 0.209 × 0.054 μm pore size and 55% porosity). Acetic acid-Na acetate buffer was used for the adjustment of the feed pH which was critical. Various parameters were experimentally studied and the optimum conditions were determined. 相似文献
10.
2‐ethyl‐1‐hexanol, n‐heptanol, and n‐hexanol oxidation by potassium permanganate was carried out in a baffled stirred reactor under heterogeneous conditions using phase transfer techniques. Tricaprylylmethylammonium chloride (Aliquat 336) was employed as the phase transfer catalyst. Kinetics of the oxidation was investigated. The rate constants were determined by varying the concentration of the catalyst, the concentration of alcohols and temperature. The rate constants agree well with those obtained under homogeneous conditions for all the three alcohols. The variation in the values under heterogeneous conditions were found to be less than 6 %. 相似文献