老鹳草化学成分研究(Ⅱ)

研究老鹳草(Geranium wilfordii Maxim.)全草的化学成分.采用硅胶柱层析、Sephadex LH-20柱层析,结合重结晶等方法分离纯品化合物,并通过化合物的理化性质和波谱数据鉴定其化学结构.在原来分离的基础上又分离鉴定了4个化合物,分别为琥珀酸(7)、山奈酚(8)、胡萝卜苷(9)、山奈酚-3,7-O-α-L-鼠李糖苷(10),其中化合物7,9,10为首次从该种植物中分离得到,为太白山老鹳草的进一步开发利用提供依据.     

从交际意图和语言交际的发展变化来看“质的准则”

讨论了格赖斯"合作原则"中"质的准则",指出"质的准则"不是一条道德准则,它具有随机性和不确定性。     

明日叶/薏仁米营养保健面条的研制

为了满足人们对饮食既有营养又有保健功能的要求,本文以薏仁米粉、芭蕉芋淀粉、明日叶汁和小麦粉为主要原料制备具有保健功能的营养面条。考察了薏仁米粉、芭蕉芋淀粉、明日叶汁、黄原胶和食盐不同添加比例对明日叶/薏仁米营养面条品质的影响。通过正交实验、感官评定和物性测定确定该营养面条的最佳配方为:薏仁米粉14%,芭蕉芋淀粉10%,黄原胶0.3%,食盐1.7%,小麦粉74%的混合粉,添加混合粉质量40%的明日叶汁进行和面制作面条。按最佳配方制作的面条表面光滑、富有弹性、断条率和溶出率低、口感细腻,营养丰富且具有保健功能。      

明日叶中营养成分及生物活性物质的检测分析

目的:对明日叶中的营养成分和生物活性物质查尔酮的含量进行检测分析。方法:采用国标法对明日叶中的营养成分含量进行检测分析,并用紫外可见分光光度法测定明日叶中查尔酮的含量。结果:明日叶中含有蛋白质4.71%、还原糖1.65%、粗纤维3.64%、脂肪0.19%、水分84.79%、灰分0.72%,VB10.02mg/100g、VB20.71mg/100g、VC45.90mg/100g、叶酸0.30mg/100g、VB123.20μg/100g,钾110.00mg/100g、钙140.21mg/100g、镁1.50mg/100g、铁14.03mg/100g、锗20.67μg/100g;测得的18种氨基酸含量为2.85g/100g,其中8种人体必需氨基酸含量为1.11g/100g,占18种氨基酸总量的38.9%;生物活性物质查尔酮含量为0.75%。结论:明日叶中含有多种有益于人体健康的营养成分,其中蛋白质含量比常见蔬菜高,其氨基酸模式较为理想,且含有丰富的粗纤维、VC、VB2和叶酸,维生素在叶中的含量尤其丰富,还有植物少有的VB12和有机锗及罕见的生物活性物质查尔酮,具有较高的研究价值和保健功效,应用前景广阔。      

Cloning and characterization of the Hansenula polymorpha homologue of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae MNN9 gene

A gene homologous to Saccharomyces cerevisiae MNN9 has been cloned and characterized in the methylotrophic yeast Hansenula polymorpha. This gene was cloned from a H. polymorpha genomic DNA library using the S. cerevisiae MNN9 gene as a probe. The H. polymorpha MNN9 homologue (HpMNN9) contained a 1062 bp open reading frame encoding a predicted protein of 354 amino acids. The deduced amino acid sequence showed 58% and 51% identity, respectively, with the S. cerevisiae and Candida albicans Mnn9 proteins. Disruption of HpMNN9 leads to phenotypic effects suggestive of cell wall defects, including detergent sensitivity and hygromycin B sensitivity. The hygromycin B sensitivity of S. cerevisiae mnn9 null mutant was complemented in the presence of the HpMNN9 gene. The DNA sequence of the H. polymorpha homologue has been submitted to GenBank with the Accession No. AF264786.     

基于16S rRNA技术分析当归超微粉对小鼠肠道菌群多样性的影响

研究不同剂量当归超微粉对小鼠肠道菌群多样性、肠道生理结构的作用。将C57BL/6小鼠分为当归超微粉高剂量组(2.0g/kg)、中剂量组(1.0 g/kg)、低剂量组(0.5 g/kg)、传统饮片组(2.0 g/kg)、传统粉末组(2.0 g/kg)和空白组,灌胃给药15 d,记录体重,在灌喂第15 d时无菌取结肠内容物,扩增肠道菌群16S rRNA基因的V3+V4区,采用高通量测序分析β多样性和α多样性、分析门水平和属水平的物种组成,HE染色法观察胃肠道病理变化。结果显示,C57BL/6小鼠体重正常生长,当归超微粉饮片高剂量组的对小鼠肠道微生物的疣微菌门(Verrucomicrobia)含量显著增加(p<0.05),放线菌门(Actinobacteria)含量减少(p<0.01)。另外,当归超微粉饮片中剂量组拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)含量降低最为显著,厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)增加最为显著;在属水平中剂量Faecalibaculum增加最明显(p<0.05),故超微粉的中剂量为最佳实验剂量。各处理组小鼠胃肠道无病理变化。本实验可为当归以超微粉的使用方式,对人体保健或治疗使用的科学用量和安全性,提供理论依据。另外,可为以肠道菌群相关的有效性提供技术支持。     

当归药膳的配伍与制作探讨

当归是目前药膳餐厅中的常用中药材,具有补血活血的作用,对于平时保健也大有裨益,但其在餐饮行业中运用较混乱,没有相应的制作标准。本文从食物搭配、烹饪方法、选用合理的调味等方面,就如何合理有效地制作当归相关药膳进行了研究、探讨,为药膳的发展、推广提供参考。     

Development of a novel device for applying uniform doses of electron beam irradiation on carcasses

The Maxim's Electron Scatter Chamber (Maxim Chamber) was developed to obtain uniform dose distribution when applying electron beam (e-beam) irradiation to materials of irregular surface. This was achieved by placing a stainless steel mesh surrounding a cylindrical area where the target sample was placed. Upon contact with the mesh, electrons scatter and are directed onto the target from multiple angles, eliminating the e-beam linearity and resulting in a uniform dose distribution over the target surface. The effect of irradiation in the Maxim Chamber on dose distribution and pathogen reduction was tested on rabbit carcasses to simulate other larger carcasses. The dose uniformity ratio (DUR) on the rabbit carcasses was 1.8, indicating an acceptable dose distribution. On inoculated carcasses, this treatment reduced Escherichia coli O157:H7 by > 5 log cycles. These results indicate that carcass irradiation using e-beam is feasible using the Maxim's electron scattering chamber. Appropriate adjustments will be further needed for commercial application on beef and other animal carcasses.     

山桐子产业在我国的开发利用情况

山桐子作为优良的木本油料树种,近年来受到越来越多的关注。论述了山桐子产业在我国的开发利用情况,主要包括山桐子国家扶持政策、良种选育、人工栽培、山桐子油食用安全性、山桐子油加工工艺及深加工应用情况,以期为山桐子产业的发展提供参考。