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1.
Flame structure and NO emission characteristics in counterflow diffusion flame of blended fuel of H2/CO2/Ar have been numerically simulated with detailed chemistry. The combination of H2, CO2 and Ar as fuel is selected to clearly display the contribution of hydrocarbon products to flame structure and NO emission characteristics due to the breakdown of CO2. A radiative heat loss term is involved to correctly describe the flame dynamics especially at low strain rates. The detailed chemistry adopts the reaction mechanism of GRI 2.11, which consists of 49 species and 279 elementary reactions. All mechanisms including thermal, NO2, N2O and Fenimore are taken into account to separately evaluate the effects of CO2 addition on NO emission characteristics. The increase of added CO2 quantity causes flame temperature to fall since at high strain rates a diluent effect is prevailing and at low strain rates the breakdown of CO2 produces relatively populous hydrocarbon products and thus the existence of hydrocarbon products inhibits chain branching. It is also found that the contribution of NO production by N2O and NO2 mechanisms are negligible and that thermal mechanism is concentrated on only the reaction zone. As strain rate and CO2 quantity increase, NO production is remarkably augmented. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
2.
我们于1985年对我院1984年开展肝单光子发射计算机断层以来的52例肝病人进行了分析总结。结果表明,肝单光子发射断层在诊断肝内占位性病变方面比普通肝静态γ照相有许多优点。需要指出的是,肝单光予发射断层的若干优点及诊断的准确性是与物理条件的正确选择和应用密切相关的。本文根据至今积累的近100例断层经验,从技术方面介绍了影响单 相似文献
3.
F. D. McDaniel B. L. Doyle C. H. Seager D. S. Walsh G. Vizkelethy D. K. Brice C. Yang P. Rossi M. Nigam M. El Bouanani G. V. Ravi Prasad J. C. Schwartz L. T. Mitchell J. L. Duggan 《Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section B, Beam interactions with materials and atoms》2002,190(1-4):1-10
A new ion beam analysis-based, single ion technique called the time to first photon has been developed to measure the decay of the luminescence signal of phosphors. Such measurements are currently needed to study luminescence decay mechanisms following high-density excitations and to identify strongly luminescent phosphor coatings with short lifetimes for ion photon emission microscopy (IPEM). The samples for this technique consist of thin phosphor layers placed or coated on the surface of PIN diodes. Single ions from an accelerator strike this sample and simultaneously create ion beam induced luminescence (IBIL) from the phosphor that is measured by a single-photon-detector, and an ion beam induced charge collection (IBICC) signal in the PIN diode. In this case, the IBICC signal provides the start pulse and the IBIL signal the stop pulse to a time to amplitude converter. It is straightforward to show that this approach also measures a signal proportional to activity versus time with an accuracy of 5% as long as the number of detected photons per ion is less than 0.1, which usually requires the use of absorbers for the IBIL detector or electronic discrimination for the IBIL signals. Details of the new analysis are given together with examples of luminescence decay measurements of several ceramic phosphors being considered to coat IPEM samples. IPEM is currently being developed at Sandia National Laboratory (SNL), the University of North Texas in Denton, and the Universities and INFN of Padova and Torino. 相似文献
4.
P. K. Khare J. M. Keller M. S. Gaur Ranjeet Singh S. C. Datt 《Polymer International》1994,35(4):337-343
The electrical conductivity of solution-grown ethyl cellulose (EC) films, 5–30 μm thick, has been studied in the sandwich configuration (metal–EC–metal) as a function of iodine concentration from 0.5 to 5.0 wt% ratio. The studies were conducted in the temperature range 333–383 K, while the field was varied over the range (3.0–5.5) × 104V/cm. Aluminium was used as the lower electrode, while the upper electrode was of Al, Ag, Cu, Au or Sn. Certain transient effects such as a large burst of current immediately after the application of field were observed. An attempt was made to identify the nature of the current by comparing the observed dependence on electric field, electrode material and temperature with the respective characteristic features of the existing theories of electrical conduction. The results show that the electrical conduction follows Ohm's law at lower fields, while at higher fields, space-charge limited current (SCLC) was observed. It was also found that Richardson–Schottky emission was responsible, to some extent, for the transport of charge carriers in the polymer. The conductivity of the films increased on doping with iodine. The dopant molecules are considered to act as additional trapping centes and provide links between the polymer molecules in the amorphous region, thus resulting in the formation of charge transfer complexes. 相似文献
5.
6.
Woo Yong Sung Seung Min Lee Wal Jun Kim Jong Girl Ok Ho Young Lee Yong Hyup Kim 《Diamond and Related Materials》2008,17(6):1003-1007
Complementary electroplating combined with electrophoresis enhanced the field emission characteristics of emitters by improving the adhesions between CNT emitters and substrate. The emitting current of the CNT emitters prepared by our combined method increased nine times higher than that of CNT emitters prepared by electrophoresis only, since electroplating improved the adhesion of CNT emitters. During the life-time measurement for 10 h, the emitting current of CNT emitters fabricated by electrophoresis only was drastically decreased to 13% of the initial current, while that prepared by the combination of electrophoresis and successive electroplating decreased to 64% of the initial current. We suggest that our method is a promising approach for the efficient fabrication of reliable CNT emitters. 相似文献
7.
Plasmapropertiesoflaser-ablatedSttargetinairWangXiang-Tai(王象泰);ManBao-Yuan(满宝元);WangGong-Tang(王公堂);FanXi-Jun(樊锡君);WangJun(王军)... 相似文献
8.
In-situ studies of electron field emission of single carbon nanotubes inside the TEM 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Electron field emission characteristics of individual multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were investigated in situ inside the transmission electron microscope (TEM). For a single MWCNT it was found that while field-emission can hardly occur from the side of the nanotube, a curved nanotube may result in finite side emission and the best emission geometry is the top emission geometry. Current-voltage (I-V) measurements made at different vacuum conditions and voltage sweeps emphasize the importance of the adsorbates on the electron field emission of MWCNTs. For a contaminated MWCNT, although the field emission current was reduced, the stability of its emission was improved. A current of up to several tens of μA was observed for a single MWCNT, but it was found that long time emission usually results in drastic structure damage that may lead to sudden emission failure. 相似文献
9.
A rapid test to measure performance,emission and wear of a diesel engine fueled with palm oil diesel
H. Masjuki A. M. Zaki S. M. Sapuan 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》1993,70(10):1021-1025
Results of performance, emission and tribological evaluations of palm oil methyl ester and its blends with conventional diesel
in an automobile diesel engine test bed are presented. Polymerization and carbon deposits on the fuel injector were monitored.
CO, CO2, O2, combustion efficiency and temperature of exhaust gases were also measured. Palm oil methyl ester and its blends have great
potential as alternative diesel fuel. Performance and exhaust gas emission for palm oil methyl ester and its blends with conventional
diesel are comparable with those of conventional diesel fuel. Palm oil methyl ester does not pose a severe environmental problem
and will not deteriorate engine and bearing components. 相似文献
10.
十二烷基苯磺酸钠水溶液聚集性质的研究 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
用滴体积法测出十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)稀水溶液的表面张力;然后求出其临界胶束浓度(CMC)。同时通过溶液的电导率、吸收光谱以及荧光光谱测定求出其CMC。这样测出的CMC值为1.2~1.6×10-3mol/L,与文献值相符。也研究了部分水解的聚丙烯酰胺(PHPAM)对SDBS聚集性质的影响;发现SDBS的CMC值随PHPAM的加人而减少并且PHPAM水溶液的粘度随SDBS的存在而急剧降低(类似盐效应)。这些方法与性质对强化采油(EOR)是重要的。 相似文献