烤烟品种对镉吸收累积敏感性差异研究

为分析烟草全生育期对镉（Cd）吸收、累积及分配的品种间差异,筛选低Cd吸收品种,通过盆栽土培法并外源添加cd,研究了不同Cd水平对10个烤烟品种生长和cd分布的影响。结果表明,Cd对烤烟生长的影响存在显著的品种差异,NC89、龙江851和翠碧1号的根系对Cd毒害反应较敏感,云烟85和豫烟3号的根系对Cd耐性较强,低、高Cd对烤烟叶片生长都有促进作用,且烤烟根系比叶片对Cd毒害的反应更敏感。烤烟不同器官中对Cd含量和积累量都存在显著的品种间差异,其中叶片Cd含量中烟100、翠碧1号、云烟87和豫烟3号较低;不同烤烟品种对土壤cd变化的敏感响应程度不同,中烟100、红花大金元和NC89对Cd敏感性较低。     

Comparison of aromatic and phenolic compounds in cherry wines with different cherry cultivars by HS‐SPME‐GC‐MS and HPLC

To compare the influence of cultivars on the production of aroma compounds and polyphenols, eight cherry varieties (six sweet and two sour) were fermented into cherry wines, and their compositions were analysed. Results showed that by headspace solid microextraction coupled to gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (HS‐SPME‐GC‐MS), a total of twenty‐first aromatic compounds, mostly consisting of esters, acids, terpenoids and C₁₃‐norisoprenoids, were identified, and eleven polyphenols including five anthocyanins and six phenolic acids were quantified using HPLC. May Duck and Early Richmond wines contained significantly higher levels of phenolic acids (>42 mg L^?1) that were associated with high contents of chlorogenic and neochlorogenic acids and also relatively high amounts of octanoic acid and β‐damascenone (odour activity values ≥1000). Hongdeng, Zhifuhong and Bing wines were characterised by higher concentrations of anthocyanins (>41 mg L^?1) and also relatively higher levels of isopentyl acetate. Lapins and Governer Wcod wines were distinguished by lower concentrations of polyphenols and relatively higher contents of ethyl 3‐methylbutanoate.     

浙江与日本粳稻品种品质的比较

对2个浙江晚粳优质米品种（秀水11和秀水63）和日本品种（越光和日本晴）进行品质比较.结果表明,2个浙江品种的平均垩白粒率（28.85%）、平均垩白度（6.0%）分别是日本品种均值的约3倍和约6倍;平均直链淀粉含量（17.65%）较日本品种高约2%,差异达显著水平.蒸煮试验表明,2个浙江品种蒸煮品质除饭香味相仿外,其余蒸煮指标显著不及相应蒸煮处理的日本品种,其先浸后蒸处理的蒸煮品质优于现淘现蒸处理的日本晴,与越光相仿.越光籽粒外观品质明显不及日本晴,而蒸煮品质明显优于日本晴,说明理化分析指标与食味品质具有不一致性.因此晚粳稻品质育种及稻米品质鉴定应当在评价稻米理化分析指标的基础上,注重对食味品质的评价.     

Identification of aroma components of Spanish ‘Verdejo’ wine

Aroma components of ine resulting from fermentation of grape must from the Verdejo cultivar ere isolated by continuous liquid-liquid extraction and further fractionation on a silica gel column. One hundred and thirty-to substances, including alcohols, esters, carbonyl compounds, terpenes, acids and sulphur compounds, ere identified by using GC-MS; some had not been previously detected in ines. Data are given hich could lead to the characterisation of the Verdejo cultivar and the effect of the elaboration of young ines. The sensory contribution of some volatile compounds to the flavour of Verdejo ine is also studied.     

Influence of regulated deficit irrigation strategies applied to olive trees (Arbequina cultivar) on oil yield and oil composition during the fruit ripening period

This study evaluated the effect of regulated deficit irrigation (RDI) strategies applied to olive trees (Arbequina cv) during the fruit ripening and harvest periods on oil yield and oil composition. Fatty acid composition, pigments, colour, polyphenol content and stability of oils were evaluated. The results indicate that regulated deficit irrigation induces fruit ripening; at harvest, oil yield increased when water supply was decreased, probably as a consequence of lower water content in the olive. Acidic composition was not affected by irrigation treatments. Irrigation affected pigment content and oil colour primarily during the early stages of olive ripening. RDI increased polyphenol concentration and stability of oils at all picking dates, especially during the first stages of the ripening period, probably owing to water stress. © 2000 Society of Chemical Industry     

Content of amino acids in fresh and frozen and cooked broad bean seeds (Vicia faba var major) depending on cultivar and degree of maturity

In broad been seeds (cultivars Comprimo RS and Threefoldwhite) harvested at four stages of maturity, which corresponded to dry matter content at the levels of I—25%, II—30%, III—35% and IV—40%, the content of amino acids was determined (g 16 g N⁻¹). The determinations concerned raw broad bean and frozen products cooked for consumption. The content of total and essential amino acids was similar in the two cultivars. With increasing maturity the content of total amino acids and essential amino acids varied, showing a tendency to increase between maturity stages I and IV in all the amino acids, except aspartic acid and alanine in Threefoldwhite. In both cultivars the content of cystine and glutamic acid showed the most rapid rise. Compared with raw broad beans, intact seeds cooked for consumption contained more total amino acids. In products of Comprimo RS the total content of amino acids and essential amino acids was similar in intact seeds and in the dehulled seeds. In products from Threefoldwhite the content of total amino acids and essential amino acids was higher in intact seeds than in dehulled seeds except in the most mature sample where these values were similar. The limiting amino acids were methionine with cystine in both raw broad bean and cooked seeds. © 1999 Society of Chemical Industry     

Lowland rice response to potassium fertilization and its effect on N and P uptake

Not much is known about the response of lowland rice to K fertilization under Brazilian conditions. A field experiment was conducted during four consecutive years to determine the response of three lowland rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars to K fertilization on a Low Humic Gley soil. In the first two years, K was broadcast at rates of 0, 42, 84, 126, and 168 kg K ha^–1. In the last two years K rates were reduced to 0, 25, 50, 75, and 100 kg K ha^–1 and applied in a band. Potassium significantly (P < 0.01) increased grain yields but the response varied from cultivar to cultivar and year to year. Yield responses to K fertilization were superimposed on a general trend of increasing grain yields across the four growing seasons. Mean grain yields increased 14.3% with broadcast application of K in the first two years and 10.4% with banded application of K in the last two years when compared to the control treatments. Extractable soil K increased with K application rate and decreased with soil depth. Potassium was rapidly removed from the soil and yearly broadcast or banded application of K can be expected to result in a significant increase in grain yield of lowland rice in these soils.     

Effects of Variety,Maturation and Growing Region on Chemical Properties,Fatty Acid and Sterol Compositions of Virgin Olive Oils

Chemical properties, fatty acid and sterol compositions of olive oils extracted from Gemlik and Halhal? varieties grown in Hatay and Mardin provinces in Turkey were investigated during four maturation stages. The olive oil samples were analyzed for their chemical properties such as free acidity, peroxide value, total carotenoid, total chlorophyll, total phenolic contents, antioxidant activity, fatty acid and sterol compositions. Chemical properties, fatty acids and sterol profiles of olive oil samples generally showed statistically significant differences depending on the varieties, maturation and growing areas (p < 0.05). As free fatty acid contents and total phenolic contents increased, total carotenoid and chlorophyll contents decreased throughout the maturity stages. Total carotenoid and chlorophyll contents of oil samples from Mardin were higher than those of Hatay. The total phenolic compounds of olive oil samples ranged from 20.62 in Gemlik to 525.22 mg GAE/kg oil in Halhal? from Hatay. In general, the phenolic contents and antioxidant activities of olive oil samples were positively associated. Oleic acid content was the highest 71.53 % in H1 samples in Hatay. Total sterol contents were 1194.33 mg/kg in Halhal? and 2008.66 mg/kg in Gemlik from Hatay. Stigmasterol contents of oils obtained from Hatay were lower than those of Mardin. Oleic acid, palmitic acid, β‐sitosterol, ?‐5‐avenasterol and campesterol contents fluctuated with maturation for each of variety from both growing regions. These results showed that the variety, growing area and maturation influence the chemical properties, fatty acid and sterol compositions.     

Differences Among Rice Cultivars in Root Exudation, Methane Oxidation, and Populations of Methanogenic and Methanotrophic Bacteria in Relation to Methane Emission

Greenhouse experiments were conducted under subtropical conditions to understand the mechanism of rice cultivar differences in methane (CH₄) emission. Three rice cultivars were studied. Differences in CH₄ emission rates among the three rice cultivars became evident in the middle and late growth stages. Rice root exudates per plant measured as total released C were significantly different among rice cultivars. The effect of root exudates on CH₄ production in soil slurry differed accordingly. The amount of root exudates was not significantly different among rice cultivars when computed on a dry matter basis, indicating that it is positively correlated to root dry matter production. The root CH₄-oxidizing activity differed among rice cultivars. IR65598 had a higher oxidative activity than IR72 and Chiyonishiki. Root air space was not significantly different among rice cultivars at the late growth stage, indicating that it is probably not a factor contributing to cultivar differences in CH₄ emission. The population level of methanogenic bacteria differed significantly in soil grown to different rice cultivars, but not in roots, at booting stage and ripening stage. Methanotrophic bacteria population differed significantly in roots among rice cultivars at ripening. Rice cultivars with few unproductive tillers, small root system, high root oxidative activity, and high harvest index are ideal for mitigating CH₄ emission in rice fields.     

黄茶“中黄2号”的亚细胞结构透射电镜观察

利用透射电镜技术研究了黄化品种\"中黄2号\"与正常品种\"龙井43\"第2、6叶的亚细胞结构差异。结果发现中黄2号与龙井43在细胞核、胞质、线粒体、高尔基体等亚细胞结构和分布规律方面基本一致,而叶绿体结构则有较大差异。中黄2号第2叶叶绿体明显偏小,且基粒片层堆叠少于龙井43。其第6叶片层堆叠多于第二叶,但仍少于龙井43。叶绿体内片层堆叠情况与其含量测定结果一致。同时,遮荫处理后中黄2号叶色变绿,叶绿体片层堆叠也增多。研究发现,中黄2号的黄化可能与其叶绿体基粒片层合成受阻有关,该结果为深入解析中黄2号黄化的机理打下基础。