Substance use as a robust correlate of school outcome measures for ethnically diverse adolescents of Asian/Pacific Islander ancestry.

School psychologists are generally not provided with the knowledge and skills to address both educational and psychosocial issues of Asian American and Pacific Islander students. The present study is the first of its kind in examining 36 independent (i.e., demographic, social, cultural, psychological) variables in association with four school outcomes (i.e., grade point average, absences, suspensions, and school infractions) with a large sample of Caucasian, Filipino, Native Hawaiian, Japanese, mixed/non-Hawaiian, and "other" Hawai'i high school students (N = 2,833). Given the relatively unique sample in question and the sheer number of variables, an exploratory approach was utilized with the goal of determining the most robust independent variables, with the unique inclusion of Hawaiian cultural identification. A cross-validation technique was used, whereby stepwise regressions were performed for each of two cross-validation samples; only common variables were retained in a final stepwise model for each of the four school outcomes. The results indicated that, remarkably, substance use accounted for the most variance (i.e., 8.4% -16.1 %) in the four school measures. Further analyses detailed the relationship, including the finding that smoking cigarettes regularly, accounted for the most variance compared to the other five substance use items. Further research and implications of the findings are discussed, including the need for prevention and intervention programs that incorporate substance use as a component, both within and outside of school environments. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved)     

A Cross-Cultural Investigation of the Efficacy Beliefs of South Asian Immigrant and Anglo Canadian Nonimmigrant Early Adolescents.

The author explored the mathematics efficacy beliefs of 270 South Asian (Indo Canadian) immigrant and Anglo Canadian nonimmigrant Grade 7 students. Self-efficacy beliefs strongly predicted mathematics performance for both cultural groups, but there were differences between the 2 groups in the sources of self-efficacy, the predictiveness of the secondary motivation variables, and the vertical dimensions of individualism and collectivism. It is argued that the Indo Canadian students are more vertical or hierarchical than the Anglo Canadian students and that comparison with others strongly influences their motivation beliefs and the formation of their efficacy beliefs. Self-efficacy in some cultures may be more other-oriented than is typically seen in Western cultures. A caution against generalizing about Asian populations is given, and implications for school settings are explored. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

中亚国家电解铝厂总图布置的特点

通过对中亚国家电解铝厂的设计,并与国内同类项目进行比较,指出因社会、自然环境、人文环境和管理体制的不同,而致使总图设计方案有较大的差异,针对这些差异,提出了改进的措施及应注意的问题,可供国内同行参考。     

Sex Pheromone Components in Defense of Melon Fly, Bactrocera cucurbitae Against Asian House Gecko, Hemidactylus frenatus

The Asian house gecko, Hemidactylus frenatus, after being acclimatized to feeding on the melon fly, Bactrocera cucurbitae, consumed fewer numbers of 15-day-old (DO) and older male melon flies compared to sexually immature flies 10 DO and younger. The first male melon fly that performed mating did so on the 10th day after eclosion (DAE), but >80% of the males performed their first mating between 10 and 15 DAE. This confirmed that between 10 and 15 DAE most male melon flies are already sexually mature and producing sex pheromone. Synthetic 1,3-nonanediol, a component of male melon fly sex pheromone produced endogenously, when topically applied onto the thorax of housefly Musca domestica at ca. 80 or 320 ng/fly, reduced consumption by geckos compared with untreated flies in subsequent days after the first day in a four-day feeding test. Raspberry ketone (RK) is consumed and sequestered into the pheromonal gland and later released as a pheromonal component of male melon fly. Houseflies topically treated with 2.6 g RK/fly did not deter predation by geckos. However, houseflies treated with 5.1 g RK/fly caused geckos to consume fewer flies, especially on the third and fourth days during a four-day feeding test, compared with the period when they were offered untreated flies.     

基于跳跃-扩散过程的亚式期权定价

在标的资产价格跳过程为更新过程的假设下,研究了具有浮动敲定价格的亚式期权,通过自融资交易复制将路径依赖的亚式期权定价问题转化为与路径无关的微分方程的求解问题,拓展了刘宣会的结果。     

First evidence of grass carp recruitment in the Great Lakes Basin

We use aging techniques, ploidy analysis, and otolith microchemistry to assess whether four grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idella captured from the Sandusky River, Ohio were the result of natural reproduction within the Lake Erie Basin. All four fish were of age 1 +. Multiple lines of evidence indicate that these fish were not aquaculture-reared and that they were most likely the result of successful reproduction in the Sandusky River. First, at least two of the fish were diploid; diploid grass carp cannot legally be released in the Great Lakes Basin. Second, strontium:calcium (Sr:Ca) ratios were elevated in all four grass carp from the Sandusky River, with elevated Sr:Ca ratios throughout the otolith transect, compared to grass carp from Missouri and Arkansas ponds. This reflects the high Sr:Ca ratio of the Sandusky River, and indicates that these fish lived in a high-strontium environment throughout their entire lives. Third, Sandusky River fish were higher in Sr:Ca ratio variability than fish from ponds, reflecting the high but spatially and temporally variable strontium concentrations of southwestern Lake Erie tributaries, and not the stable environment of pond aquaculture. Fourth, Sr:Ca ratios in the grass carp from the Sandusky River were lower in their 2011 growth increment (a high water year) than the 2012 growth increment (a low water year), reflecting the observed inverse relationship between discharge and strontium concentration in these rivers. We conclude that these four grass carp captured from the Sandusky River are most likely the result of natural reproduction within the Lake Erie Basin.     

Ethnicity, culture, and sexual aggression: Risk and protective factors.

Explanatory models of sexual aggression were examined among mainland Asian American (n = 222), Hawaiian Asian American (n = 127), and European American men (n = 399). The Malamuth et al. (N. M. Malamuth, D. Linz, C. L. Heavey, G. Barnes, & M. Acker, 1995; N. M. Malamuth, R. J. Sockloskie, M. P. Koss, & J. S. Tanaka, 1991) confluence model of sexual aggression, which posits impersonal sex and hostile masculinity as paths to sexual aggression, was consistently supported. Culture-specific moderators of sexual aggression were also identified. Whereas loss of face was a protective factor against sexual aggression in the Asian American samples, it generally was not a protective factor among European Americans. These findings are not a function of actual or perceived minority status. An implication is that theoretical models may need to be augmented with cultural constructs for optimal application in certain ethnic group contexts. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Intergenerational Family Conflict and Coping Among Hmong American College Students.

Problem solving and social support, as different styles of coping with intergenerational family conflict, were examined among 86 Hmong American college students. Problem solving and social support were hypothesized to differentially moderate the effects of family conflict on psychological adjustment. Furthermore, the effects of attributions of blame on the adjustment of Hmong American college students were examined. Results indicate that social support buffered and problem solving enhanced the negative effects of family conflict on symptoms of distress but not on affect. Additionally, there were significant interaction effects between family conflict and self-blame on distress. Specifically, students who were more likely to blame themselves reported higher levels of distress. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

亚洲沙尘影响台湾期间大气悬浮微粒之粒径大小及化学组成变化趋势

旨在针对2002年3￣4月亚洲沙尘影响台湾期间,探讨位于台湾海峡中间澎湖群岛之大气悬浮微粒物化特征变化情形。本研究在澎湖群岛的小门村设置悬浮微粒采样站,借以采集近海面之大气悬浮微粒。由悬浮微粒浓度变化情情得知,2002年3￣4月共有3次亚洲沙尘暴抵达澎湖群岛,其粒径分布很明显地由双峰分布(bi-modaldistribution)转变为以粗微粒(coarseparticle)为主之单峰分布(singlemodaldistribution)。此外,悬浮微粒中水溶性离子成分之粒径分布亦随亚洲沙尘之抵达而呈明显变化,其中Cl-和Na+之变化趋势具有一致性,显示海盐之影响颇为重要;NH4+、Ca2+和SO42-均由细微粒(fineparticle)转变为粗微粒,显示(NH4)2SO4或CaSO4应为亚洲沙尘之特征指纹;NO3-主要来自当地污染(localemission),故其分布并无明显变化;Mg2+虽维持以粗微粒为主之单峰分布,但其浓度却增加约2倍左右。上述研究结果显示,当亚洲沙尘抵达台湾地区,不仅悬浮微粒之粒径大小改变,就连化学组成亦出现明显变化。     

滇西景星组双壳类动物群的固有属性

滇西景星双壳类是以Ｐｅｇｒｉｎｏｃｏｎｃｈａ－Ｓｉｎｏｎａｉａ－Ｋｏｒｅａｎａｉａ－Ｅｏｎｉｐｐｏｎｏｎａｉａ－Ｐｌｉｃａｔｏｕｎｉｏ为代表的地方性动物群，属非海生类三角蚌类系统演化的早白垩世产物，景星组属于亚洲地方性的非海相三分白垩系的下白垩统，可与滇中的高峰寺组－普昌河组，青海南部的雁石坪群上段（扎窝茸组）和藏东的多尼组对比，该组双壳类曾被误认为晚株罗世海生物群，是因为Ｓｉｎｏｎａｉａ和Ｅｏｎ