Influence of pulse-jet cleaning pressure on performance of compact dust collector with pleated filter operated in clean-on-time mode

To operate a bag filter continuously, pulse-jet cleaning of dust particles from the filter medium is commonly required, and the pulse-jet pressure significantly affects the filter performance. In this study, the accumulation structure of residual dust particles inside and on the surface of a filter medium at different pulse-jet pressures was investigated by constructing a simple model, and the influence of the dust structure on the filter performance was clarified. Using a simple model, we determined the effective ratio of filtration area β, which represents the ratio of the filterable area to the total filtration area, the true resistance coefficient due to the primary dust layer ζ_p’ thinly deposited on the filter surface, and the true resistance coefficient inside the filter media itself ζ_f’_. The effective ratio of filtration area β decreased with operation time for all pulse-jet pressures; however, it maintained a high value when the pulse-jet pressure was high. The validity of β analyzed by the model was verified using two different methods, and the results showed good agreement, indicating that the model is effective in identifying real conditions. The true resistance coefficient due to the primary dust layer ζ_p’ decreased as the pulse-jet pressure increased; however, the true resistance coefficient inside the filter media itself ζ_f’ was the highest at 0.5 MPa. In addition, the dust collection efficiency was different at each pulse-jet pressure, which was considered to be caused by the difference in the dust particle accumulation structure.     

Present status and future prospects of plasma sprayed multilayered thermal barrier coating systems

Thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) play a pivotal role in protecting the hot structures of modern turbine engines in aerospace as well as utility applications. To meet the increasing efficiency of gas turbine technology, worldwide research is focused on designing new architecture of TBCs. These TBCs are mainly fabricated by atmospheric plasma spraying (APS) as it is more economical over the electron beam physical vapor deposition (EB-PVD) technology. Notably, bi-layered, multi-layered and functionally graded TBC structures are recognized as favorable designs to obtain adequate coating performance and durability. In this regard, an attempt has been made in this article to highlight the structure, characteristics, limitations and future prospects of bi-layered, multi-layered and functionally graded TBC systems fabricated using plasma spraying and its allied techniques like suspension plasma spray (SPS), solution precursor plasma spray (SPPS) and plasma spray –physical vapor deposition (PS-PVD).     

Characterization of a plasma polymer coating from an organophosphorus silane deposited at atmospheric pressure for fire-retardant purposes

Protective coatings from diethylphosphatoethyltriethoxysilane (DEPETS) have been deposited on different polymer substrates in a plasma discharge operated at atmospheric pressure. Plasma polymer chemistry and structure were characterized by means of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), laser desorption ionization-mass spectrometry (LDI-MS), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). A chemical structure of the plasma polymer has been proposed based on the coating molecular characterization. Coatings were deposited on polycarbonate (PC) and polyamide 6 (PA6) substrates. The flame retardant properties of coated substrate samples were assessed using cone calorimetry and compared to those of bare substrates. A significant increase in the time to ignition (TTI), up to +143%, was recorded after coating deposition due to the formation of a high-performance barrier layer at the surface of both polymer substrates.     

Pressure control of an electro-hydraulic actuated clutch via novel hysteresis model

This paper mainly focuses on the development of pressure tracking control logic of electro-hydraulic actuators for vehicle application. This is done to improve and ensure the performance of a precise lower-level controller for evolving modern shift control logic. The required performance is obtained by hysteresis model-based feed-forward control and additional feedback control. The hysteresis and the time delay, which adversely affect pressure control, are well known nonlinear behaviors in electro-hydraulic actuators. In order to cope with the hysteresis, a novel hysteresis model is proposed based on a physical phenomenon. A mathematical model based on a characteristic curve obtained in preliminary experiments is presented using only one tuning parameter, and this model can be inverted easily to construct a feed-forward controller. In addition, a feedback controller is designed considering the stability margin of a time delay system. The feedback control inputs ensure compensation of the feed-forward errors caused by model error and uncertainty. The proposed controller is designed to lower computational cost considering applicability for production vehicles. As a result, the developed pressure controller is applied to a transmission control unit of a production vehicle and verified experimentally for various driving scenarios.     

Modelling of black carbon statistical distribution and return periods of extreme concentrations

Eight datasets of 1-h black carbon (BC) concentrations measured in Warsaw agglomeration (Poland), at urban background and sub-urban sites, and in Racibórz, a small town in Upper Silesia district (regional background site) were analyzed to evaluate BC levels, daily profiles and statistical distributions of concentrations in Central-Eastern European region. The observed mean levels ranged from 1483 ng m⁻³ in suburban site during summer to 3358 ng m⁻³ in regional background site in winter. Observed diurnal patterns were bimodal in the locations dominated by traffic emissions, but unimodal, with elevated evening peak in individually heated residential area. Three theoretical frequency distributions were applied to fit analyzed datasets separately. The lognormal distribution was the most appropriate to represent the middle-range values, while the high concentrations were satisfactorily predicted by the type I two-parameter exponential distribution which was used to estimate the return periods of extreme concentrations for winter months.     

常压炉炉管及转油线的腐蚀

通过对常压炉炉管及转油线腐蚀情况的分析,认为该炉发生转油线腐蚀泄漏的主要原因是原油含硫量升高、冲刷加剧、材质不适合以及设备老化等。针对腐蚀的成因采取了对整个转油线进行包盒子处理、材质升级、摸清活性硫在装置中的分布情况和腐蚀规律、开展高温部位定点测厚、避免高含硫原油直接进入装置等措施。     

包装件压力试验机计算机测控系统

针对YE-50包装件压力试验机落后的测控系统，提出一种基于压力和位移闭环控制的计算机测控系统。根据测得的压力、位移和设定值，通过模糊控制输出驱动伺服阀实现了压力试验时的恒速控制和堆码试验时的恒力控制。并实时显示力——位移及应力——应变曲线。文中还对模糊控制器的实验整定方法进行了探讨。     

原油常减压装置节能技术

由于常减压装置消耗能量约占炼油厂总用能的25％～30％，已成为炼油厂中消耗量最大的装置，因此，我国各炼油厂对常减压装置进行以降低能耗为中心的技术改造就显得十分必要。详细介绍了适用于常减压装置节能的新工艺、新设备以及优化操作。工艺方面主要有采用过滤脱盐新技术对原油进行深度脱盐、采用强化蒸馏新工艺提高原油蒸馏拔出率、优化产出、增产柴油；设备方面主要使用规整填料和新型塔板改善分馏塔分馏效率、使用新型燃烧器提高加热炉效率、使用新型换热器提高热回收率、采用变频技术降低装置电耗；优化操作方面主要有利用计算机进行监控与管理和改善操作条件。最后对国内原油常减压装置节能改造提出了一些建议，以供炼油企业在进行原油常减压装置改造时参考。     

氢压缩机管道强烈振动的消除

本文针对一往复式氢气压缩机管道振动十分强烈的情况，分析了管系的结构自振频率、气柱固有频率和气流脉动，采取了改变管系结构频率和气柱固有频率的减振措施，经实践证明获得了较为理想的减振效果。