二丁基羟基甲苯(BHT)微胶囊技术研究

为了降低BHT在食品中的使用量,利用喷雾干燥法和分子包埋法制得了BHT的微胶囊产品.优化了喷雾干燥法的工艺条件,在BHT与壁材之比为2080、阿拉伯胶与麦芽糊精之比为13、海藻酸钠含量0.6时包埋率最高,达98.98%.BHT与β-环糊精比例为1288,超声波处理时间为30～40min时,分子包埋法制得的BHT微胶囊包埋率可达90%.     

Simultaneous HPLC quantification of total cholesterol,tocopherols and β-carotene in Barrosã-PDO veal

A simple, rapid and sensitive procedure for the simultaneous determination of total cholesterol, tocopherols and β-carotene in meat is described. The method involves a direct saponification of the meat, a single n-hexane extraction and the analysis of the extracted compounds by normal-phase HPLC, using fluorescence (tocopherols) and UV–Vis photodiode array (cholesterol and β-carotene) detections in tandem. Rates of recovery of spiked meat samples were 93% for cholesterol, 83–86% for (α-, β- and -γ) tocopherols and 89% for β-carotene. Repeatabilities were high (CV < 6%) for all determined compounds, except for δ-tocopherol. This tocopherol, which is not usually present in meat, showed a much lower recovery percentage (73%) and repeatability (12.8%). This methodology was applied for the quantification of total cholesterol, tocopherols and β-carotene in three muscles (longissimus thoracis, longissimus lumborum and semitendinosus) of the Portuguese traditional Barrosã-PDO veal, obtained from autochthonous calves fed extensively during summer (with the least abundant green pastures) and slaughtered in early autumn (October). Barrosã-PDO veal showed median contents of total cholesterol (0.50–0.56 mg/g) and, depending on the analysed muscle, moderate to high contents of α-tocopherol (3.3–3.9 μg/g) and β-carotene (0.07–0.09 μg/g), suggesting an high sensorial and hygienic quality.     

抗氧剂BHT结晶工艺研究

BHT结晶采用乙醇作为溶剂。对不同浓度的乙醇,改变溶质与溶剂的物料配比,测定了BHT溶液的出晶点温度。结果表明:在乙醇浓度一定的条件下,出晶点温度随BHT与乙醇配比的增大而降低;而在相同物料配比的条件下,乙醇浓度越低,出晶点温度越高。     

3种脂溶性酚类对紫苏籽油的抗氧化作用研究

采用Schaal烘箱法,以过氧化值和α-亚麻酸含量为指标,比较了3种脂溶性酚类及人工合成抗氧化剂对紫苏籽油的抗氧化效果。结果表明,当抗氧化剂添加量为100 mg/kg时,基于过氧化值的抗氧化效果为香芹酚百里香酚、丁香酚BHT、BHA。低添加量抗氧化剂(1~100 mg/kg)紫苏籽油中α-亚麻酸含量均高于不添加抗氧化剂的处理组。香芹酚的最适添加量为5 mg/kg,α-亚麻酸含量为6.399 mg/g,与4℃保存的紫苏籽油含量相近;BHT的最适添加量为50 mg/kg,α-亚麻酸含量为6.987 mg/g,高于4℃保存的紫苏籽油;分别添加100 mg/kg的香芹酚与100 mg/kg的BHT的紫苏籽油中α-亚麻酸含量相近,说明二者抗氧化能力相当。研究结果证实了香芹酚、百里香酚、丁香酚对紫苏籽油具有较好的抗氧化作用,为安全高效的天然酚类抗氧化剂的筛选及其在油脂食品中的应用提供理论参考。     

Food Additives Reducing Volatility of Antioxidants at Frying Temperature

At frying temperature, antioxidants are lost not only by reaction with radicals formed by oil oxidation but also by decomposition and evaporation before they are able to exert antioxidant activity. In this study, it was hypothesized that an additive that can bind or interact with an antioxidant could reduce volatility of the antioxidant at frying temperature. Three synthetic antioxidants, tert‐butylhydroquinone (TBHQ), butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), which have relatively high volatility, were used as antioxidants in this study to examine the hypothesis. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) experiments showed that all 22 additives tested in this study effectively reduced volatility of the antioxidants. An NMR study showed that signals of BHT shifted by addition of an additive, evidencing the interaction between the two substances in the chloroform solution. To examine the effect of these interactions on antioxidant activity, heating tests were conducted with soybean oil (SBO) containing 200 ppm antioxidants at 180 °C. Oxidation was monitored with ¹H NMR for loss of olefinic protons and bisallylic protons in SBO and with gel permeation chromatography (GPC) for polymerized triacylglycerols (PTAG). Improved antioxidant activity of the antioxidants were observed when combined with several additives tested in this study, and HPLC analysis showed that the antioxidants were effectively reserved by the additives in SBO during the heating process. The concentrations of the antioxidants retained in SBO were relatively well correlated with the antioxidant activity.     

防老剂BHT的提纯及其纯度检测

为提高防老剂BHT的纯度,采用重结晶和区域熔融法对工业品防老剂BHT进行提纯。用高效液相色谱仪和差示扫描量热仪对样品进行纯度检测,试验结果表明,其方法可靠、准确。提纯品防老剂BHT的纯度为99．09％（高效液相色谱法,相对标准偏差0．08％）和99．16％（差示扫描量热法,相对标准偏差0．14％）,纯度可达到国际同类产品水平。     

Identification of In Vitro Metabolites of Synthetic Phenolic Antioxidants BHT,BHA, and TBHQ by LC-HRMS/MS

Butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) and its analogs, butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) and tert-butyl-hydroquinone (TBHQ), are widely used synthetic preservatives to inhibit lipid oxidation in the food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries. Despite their widespread use, little is known about their human exposure and related biotransformation products. The metabolism of these compounds was investigated using in vitro incubations with human and rat liver fractions. Liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry was employed to detect and characterize stable and reactive species formed via oxidative metabolism, as well as phase II conjugates. Several oxidative metabolites have been detected, as well as glutathione, glucuronide, and sulfate conjugates, many of which were not previously reported. A combination of accurate mass measurements, MS/MS fragmentation behavior, and isotope-labeling studies were used to elucidate metabolite structures.     

Metabolic profile and biological activities of Lavandula pedunculata subsp. lusitanica (Chaytor) Franco: Studies on the essential oil and polar extracts

We investigated the metabolic profile and biological activities of the essential oil and polar extracts of Lavandula pedunculata subsp. lusitanica (Chaytor) Franco collected in south Portugal. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis revealed that oxygen-containing monoterpenes was the principal group of compounds identified in the essential oil. Camphor (40.6%) and fenchone (38.0%) were found as the major constituents. High-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection (HPLC–DAD) analysis allowed the identification of hydroxycinnamic acids (3-O-caffeoylquinic, 4-O-caffeoylquinic, 5-O-caffeoylquinic and rosmarinic acids) and flavones (luteolin and apigenin) in the polar extracts, with rosmarinic acid being the main compound in most of them. The bioactive compounds from L. pedunculata polar extracts were the most efficient free-radical scavengers, Fe²⁺ chelators and inhibitors of malondialdehyde production, while the essential oil was the most active against acetylcholinesterase. Our results reveal that the subspecies of L. pedunculata studied is a potential source of active metabolites with a positive effect on human health.     

黄酮及维生素C的抗羟基自由基的比较研究

以大豆甙和芦丁作为黄酮化合物的代表，并与维生素C比较，研究其对羟基自由基的抑制能力，并以大豆、橙皮、柑皮和青椒提取物作羟基自由基清除剂，研究这些提取物对羟基自由基的清除作用。结果表明，大豆甙对羟基自由基的清除率最高，其次是芦丁，再次是维生素C；含黄酮化合物的提取物比含维生素C的提取物对羟基自由基的清除率大，其中以大豆撮以物最优。     

GC-MS快速测定塑胶包装材料中的BHT

本方法采用超声溶剂提取包装材料中的抗氧化剂BHT（2,6-二叔丁基对甲酚）,毛细管柱气相质谱法对样品中的BHT进行定性和定量。方法检测限为0．1mg／kg,包装材料中的平均加标回收率为90．0％-105％。方法简捷、快速、准确,适用于包装材料中BHT的快速检测。