New Hearts for Two Gulf Cities

Doha in Qatar and Sharjah in the UAE are both currently looking to their own heritage for inspiration in the redevelopment of their urban cores or hearts. Varkki Pallathucheril , an expert in urban planning and Professor at the College of Architecture, Art and Design at the American University of Sharjah (AUS), considers the impact challenges of this type of development.     

利多卡因防治大鼠深二度烧伤创面早期加深的作用

目的探讨利多卡因防治深二度烧伤创面早期加深的作用。方法wistar大鼠背部深二度烧伤,治疗组局部应用利多卡因凝胶,对照组涂抹安慰剂,检测烧伤后创面组织中Na-K-ATP酶、髓过氧化物酶(MPO)活性和琥珀酸脱氢酶(SDH)、丙二醛(MDA)的含量,HE染色及增殖细胞核抗原(PCNA)免疫组化染色显示创面组织坏死程度。结果对照组和治疗组SDH和Na-K-ATP酶活性在伤后24h均达到最低,之后逐渐升高,但远低于正常水平。伤后24h治疗组SDH、Na-K-ATP活性高于对照组(P<0.05);对照组MPO酶活性在伤后24h达最高,治疗组在伤后48h达最高,之后两组都降低,但仍高于正常水平,对照组MPO活性最高值高于治疗组(P<0.05);对照组和治疗组伤后MDA含量一直升高,伤后72h,对照组高于治疗组(P<0.05)。HE及PCNA染色显示治疗组早期创面进行性损伤明显延缓且较轻,创面组织增殖活力好于对照组。结论深二度烧伤创面早期局部应用利多卡因可减轻创面加深,其机制可能与抑制白细胞浸润、减轻氧化损伤、改善组织活力等因素有关。     

Thermal trauma resulting from motor vehicle operation or maintenance

Burn injury may result from the operation or maintenance of motor vehicles. We reviewed the experience of one burn center with injuries related to motor vehicle use over the 6 year period 1987–1992. One hundred and fifty patients with motor vehicle related burns were identified comprising 11.3% of all admissions for this period. The mean extent of burn injury was 22.8% total body surface area with a mean full thickness (third degree) burn size of 11.7%. The average hospital length of stay was 42.41 days. The most common mechanisms of injury were collisions resulting in fire (n = 48), carburetor priming (n = 37) and scalding from radiator fluid contact (n = 27). Burns resulting from vehicle operation or maintenance are costly and potentially preventable.     

铜铁复合粉烧结制备工艺技术研究

以铁粉为基体,添加铜粉采用混合烧结生产工艺制备FeCu20(WFe=80%,WCu=20%),以及FeCu30(WFe=70%,WCu=30%),以批量生产符合性能要求的铜铁复合粉末。这里详细介绍了Cu/Fe复合粉烧结工艺制备工艺技术参数,产品的性能及应用情况。     

一个联系建筑专业实践与教育的构架

本译文以建筑学专业形成的历史和对专业化文化的特点的论述为切入点,探讨了加强建筑教育与专业实践间的关系的 多种可能性。并希望能够以此丰富我国关于建筑教育发展的讨论。     

Characterization and applications of a new composite material obtained by green synthesis,through deposition of zinc oxide onto calcium carbonate precipitated in green seaweeds extract

Zinc oxide was deposited onto calcium carbonate precipitated using a template of polysaccharides from Ulva lactuca green seaweeds (Black Sea). The resulted composite material was characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, UV–vis and FTIR spectroscopy. The therapeutic effect of prepared composite material was assessed in vivo as a topical application for the burns treatment and compared with that of ZnO. An increased antioxidant activity by combining zinc oxide with calcium carbonate capped with polysaccharides from green seaweeds extract in a composite material was demonstrated.     

Ⅱ度烧伤患者外周血和创面水疱液中免疫球蛋白、补体的变化

目的观察Ⅱ度烧伤患者外周血和创面水疱液中免疫球蛋白、补体的变化,探讨烧伤后机体免疫功能改变的可能机制及创面水疱对创面愈合的影响。方法测定60例Ⅱ度烧伤患者外周血和创面水疱液中IgA、IgM、IgG和C3、C4含量,并于正常对照组比较。结果与正常对照组比较,Ⅱ度烧伤患者外周血中IgA、IgM、IgG和C3、C4均不同程度下降;烧伤患者创面水疱液中IgA、IgM、IgG和C3、C4与外周血中比较也呈不同程度下降。结论Ⅱ度烧伤患者机体免疫功能下降;是否保留水疱皮根据烧伤创面深度。     

The art of the autochrome

Abstract

The work of Esther Parada resonates with the Chicago tradition of experimental photography but with a decisively activist fervour born of the 1960s. Her themes impinge on the neglected confluence of public and private domains, the stories of lives omitted from official record, and the frank negotiation of personal accountability in response to political dissembling and disingenuousness. Though Chicago itself continues to be thoroughly inscribed in her life and her work, reflected in projects that tell of the crucial importance of black Americans, women, and urban landscaping in the history of the city, her perspectives are truly global in scope - as wide ranging as Nicaragua, England, and India. As an educator in photography at the School of Art and Design of the University of Illinois, Chicago, she deserves special consideration as having exemplified the visionary practice and critical teaching of the medium established in 1937 by László Moholy-Nagy at the New Bauhaus. Indeed, she did graduate studies at the Institute of Design, where she came in contact with such innovative artists as Aaron Siskind, Arthur Siegel, and Joseph Jachna.¹ Parada, however, has broken new ground as one of the fJISt photographers to make the jump from the analogue or film-based photograph to the digital image, which she has deployed as part of an extended interventionist strategy of collage in order to pose alternative views to the limited narratives of privileged political and social institutions.     

Dynamics of fecal indicator bacteria,bacterial pathogen genes,and organic wastewater contaminants in the Little Calumet River–Portage Burns Waterway,Indiana

Little information exists on the co-occurrence of fecal indicator bacteria (FIB), bacterial pathogens, and organic wastewater-associated chemicals (OWCs) within Great Lakes tributaries. Fifteen watershed sites and one beach site adjacent to the Little Calumet River–Portage Burns Waterway (LCRPBW) on Lake Michigan were tested on four dates for pH, dissolved oxygen, specific conductance, chloride, color, ammonia- and nitrate-nitrogen, soluble phosphorus, sulfate, turbidity, and atrazine; for concentrations of FIB; and for genes indicating the presence of human-pathogenic enterococci (ENT) and of Shiga-toxin producing Escherichia coli (EC) from various animal sources. Nineteen samples were also tested for 60 OWCs. Half of the watershed samples met EC recreational water quality standards; none met ENT standards. Human-wastewater-associated OWC detections were correlated with human-influence indicators such as population/km², chloride concentrations, and the presence of WWTP effluents, but EC and ENT concentrations were not. Bacterial pathogen genes indicated rural human and several potential animal sources. OWCs of human or ecosystem health concern (musk fragrances AHTN and HHCB, alkylphenols, carbamazepine) and 3 bacterial pathogen genes were detected at the mouth of the LCRPBW, but no such OWCs and only 1 pathogen gene were detected at the beach. The LCRPBW has significant potential to deliver FIB, potential bacterial pathogens, and OWCs of human or ecosystem health concern to the nearshore of Lake Michigan, under conditions enhancing nearshore transport of the river plume. Nearshore mixing of lake and river water, and the lack of relationship between OWCs and FIB or pathogen genes, pose numerous challenges for watershed and nearshore assessment and remediation.     

Thermal expansion measurements in the relaxor ferroelectric PIN-PT system

Thermal expansion was measured for the ceramic compositions (1 − x)Pb(In_0.5Nb_0.5)O₃-(x)PbTiO₃ (x = 0.0, 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3) prepared via the wolframite method. The deviation from the straight line below Burns temperature for all the compositions was due to the dynamic polarization fluctuations. Burns temperature was determined and found to increase with increasing PT concentration. The local polarization was calculated from the thermal expansion data. The calculated local polarization and the measured reversible spontaneous polarization were compared and the relaxor behavior of the PIN-PT compositions was analyzed.