固定化酶的研究方法概述

固定化酶在现代的工业生产中扮演着举足轻重的作用,从固定化酶的发展过程着手,重点描述了传统的固定化酶的制备方法,组合固定化及交联酶晶体(CLECs),交联酶聚集体(CLEAs)等.并对这些方法的研究手段,应用前景进行了介绍.     

Human Umbilical Cord Lining-Derived Epithelial Cells: A Potential Source of Non-Native Epithelial Cells That Accelerate Healing in a Porcine Cutaneous Wound Model

Human umbilical cord lining epithelial cells [CLECs) are naïve in nature and can be ethically recovered from cords that are routinely discarded. The success of using oral mucosal epithelial cells for cornea defects hints at the feasibility of treating cutaneous wounds using non-native CLECs. Herein, we characterized CLECs using flow cytometry (FC) and skin organotypic cultures in direct comparison with skin keratinocytes (KCs). This was followed by wound healing study to compare the effects of CLEC application and the traditional use of human skin allografts (HSGs) in a porcine wound model. While CLECs were found to express all the epidermal cell markers probed, the major difference between CLECs and KCs lies in the level of expression (in FC analysis) as well as in the location of expression (of the epithelium in organotypic cultures) of some of the basal cell markers probed. On the pig wounds, CLEC application promoted accelerated healing with no adverse reaction compared to HSG use. Though CLECs, like HSGs, elicited high levels of local and systemic immune responses in the animals during the first week, these effects were tapered off more quickly in the CLEC-treated group. Overall, the in vivo porcine data point to the potential of CLECs as a non-native and safe source of cells to treat cutaneous wounds.     

Price-cap electric ratemaking: Does it merit consideration?

Information and resource asymmetry makes it difficult for regulators to ascertain the appropriate capabilities, technologies and capital required for investments needed to accommodate growing amounts of distributed generation. Price-cap ratemaking with performance-based compensation offers a potential solution to this challenge, encouraging investor-owned utilities to deliver the best performance for the least investment, compared to cost-based ratemaking’s bias toward capital investment. Valuable lessons can be learned from a similar transition earlier undertaken by the telecom industry.