Disinfection of Dental Instruments Contaminated with Streptococcus mutans Using Ozonated Water Alone or Combined with Ultrasound

Ozone gas diluted in water has been shown to produce significant results in terms of the elimination of microorganisms. Streptococcus mutans is the etiologic agent of dental caries. Methods using water containing ozone and an ultrasonic cleaner were employed for the disinfection of a curette. Streptococcus mutans was grown in a selective medium. The curette was submitted to disinfection by water containing ozone, by ultrasound, and then both techniques were combined. The results show that either method produced a significant microbial reduction, but the efficacy of both methods combined was greater. This method of disinfection proved to be both viable and cheap.     

Isolation of red wine components with anti-adhesion and anti-biofilm activity against Streptococcus mutans

Red wine is a widely consumed beverage with multiple beneficial effects on human health. In the present paper, the anticaries properties of red wine were studied in vitro and ex vivo. Our in vitro findings shows that dealcoholised red wine, besides exerting antibacterial activity, strongly interferes with Streptococcus mutans adhesion to saliva-coated hydroxyapatite (sHA) beads, promotes its detachment from sHA, and powerfully inhibits in vitro biofilm formation. The main components responsible for such activities were found to be proanthocyanidins. The ability of red wine to inhibit ex vivoS. mutans biofilm formation on the occlusal surface of natural human teeth also was demonstrated.     

What Role Does Ozone Play in Preventing Dental Caries? An Evidence-Based Review

Ozone, which is also referred to as triatomic oxygen or trioxygen, is a naturally occurring inorganic molecule that consists of three oxygen atoms. Ozone has proven microbiological properties and, for this reason, it is extensively used in modern medical practices. Ozone is a powerful oxidant that demonstrates bactericide, virucide, and fungicide effects. The strong oxidation effect it produces results in the formation of highly reactive free radicals that have the capability to destroy microorganisms. Ozone has been proposed as a means of preventing caries, and existing research confirms that this form of therapy does have promising potential. However, very few clinical studies have examined the impact that ozone treatment can have on the management of caries lesions. This article presents a detailed literature review of existing peer-reviewed sources that have examined the role ozone plays in preventing and treating caries.     

Dental Enamel Caries (Early) Diagnosis and Mapping by Laser Raman Spectral Imaging

Abstract

A method for estimating the extent of tooth caries and providing imaging information based on Raman Spectral Imaging is suggested. This non‐destructive optical method is able to characterize and differentiate between normal enamel tooth surface, and initial and advanced tooth caries. Images and corresponding spectra were acquired from various tooth sites, and it was demonstrated that normal, white opaque, brown discoloured, and pitted tooth surfaces all have different distinct spectral features which characterize the different degrees of dental caries. Spectral analysis allows for detection of early changes in the surfaces of carious teeth, and the associated mapping capability allows for morphological characterization. It was found that the emission at 960 cm^?1, which corresponds to PO stretching in the hydroxyapatite bond, is the most significant and can be used for diagnosis of caries. The emissions at 1070 cm^?1 and at 590 cm^?1 can also be applied, but are less accurate. The results suggest that this technique may be further developed and applied for clinical diagnosis of initial and more advanced demineralization processes of the enamel tooth surfaces.     

体外模拟含氟牙膏对预防龋齿的作用——推荐一个针对口腔医学专业学生的化学设计实验

介绍一个针对口腔医学专业学生开设的化学设计实验。用蛋壳作为牙齿的替代物,探究含氟牙膏的防龋作用。本实验通过师生互动,由教师预先设计问题,学生通过查找资料进行实验设计。实验内容与生活贴近并用到很多化学的相关知识,趣味性较强,能引起学生兴趣。     

Fluorine analysis of human enamel around fluoride-containing materials under different pH-cycling by μ-PIGE/PIXE system

The caries preventive effect of fluoride-containing materials (FCMs) might depend on the caries risk of the individuals. Two pairs of demineralizing and remineralizing solutions of pH-cycling were prepared for simulating low and high caries risk. The purpose of this study was to determine fluorine (F) uptake into human enamel around FCMs under different pH-cycling using the in-air μ-PIGE/PIXE system. Fluoride-containing glass ionomer cement (Fuji IX_GP FAST CAPSULE (FN)), and composite resin (BEAUTIFIL II with FLUORO BOND SHAKE ONE (BS)) were used in this study. The pH-cycling (pH 6.8-4.5) was carried out for 5 weeks. After pH-cycling, the caries progression was analyzed using transverse micro-radiography (TMR). The fluorine and calcium distributions in the carious lesion in each specimen were evaluated using the PIGE/PIXE system. From TMR analysis, there was a difference in caries risk between the two kinds of pH-cycling. Although the caries preventive effect of BS and FN was confirmed at low risk, the effect at high risk was confirmed for FN only. From the analysis of the fluorine uptake in the outer 200 μm of the lesion we concluded that there was no significant difference between the pH-cycling solutions. However, we found different fluorine concentrations in the enamel for the two FCMs. The decreased caries progression under high risk for FN indicated that an adequate amount of fluorine supplied from the material is required at higher caries risk. It was confirmed that the caries preventive effect of FCM depends on the caries risk. The fluorine analysis of teeth under various pH-cycling conditions gives information to evaluate the caries preventive effect of fluoride-containing materials according to the caries risk.     

Antibacterial effect of silver nanoparticles against Streptococcus mutans

Dental caries is a very infectious disease; in humans, 95% of the worldwide population is affected. The microorganism associated with dental caries is Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans). Although several mechanisms for its control have been used, its prevalence and incidence are still high. New alternatives are silver nanoparticles due to their antibacterial effect. In this work, we determined the antibacterial effect of silver nanoparticles on S. mutans. Three sizes of silver nanoparticles were used to find minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) in S. mutans using reference and clinical stocks. Kruskal-Wallis and U of Mann-Whitney statistical tests were applied. We found bactericidal effect for the three groups, with significant statistical differences between them. Our results agree with those already reported by several authors. This study concludes that silver nanoparticles present antibacterial activity on S. mutans and this property is better when the particle size is diminished.     

早期龋齿的激光感生荧光光谱探测

提出了一种利用低功率He.Ne laser(λ=632.8mm,2.0±0.1 mW)光学无损诊断早期龋齿的方法,并与探诊方法、光子波动非线性转换方法(PNC)以及DIAGNodent龋齿诊断仪进行了比较.这种探测方法不使用滤光片,采集荧光光谱的能力与PNC方法和DIAGNodent龋齿诊断仪不同,所获得的牙齿特征光谱含有大量的关于牙齿成分、结构、空间构象等的信息.该项研究在离体牙齿上进行.牙齿的特征光谱由后向散射光、反射光、自体荧光3个部分组成,对自体荧光光谱的特征频率进行分析可以确定牙齿化学成分的改变,而对反斯托克斯荧光光谱进行分析则可以评价牙齿组织结构和形态学的变化.初步研究结果表明:文中方法在定量诊断各种龋齿方面极具应用潜力,对于探测早期龋齿、健康牙齿的表面损坏更敏感.     

海军某部特勤人员龋病流行病学调查

目的了解海军特勤人员龋病流行病学情况。方法自行设计调查表,调查对象为海军某部400名特勤人员,均为男性,年龄19-47岁,平均25.43±5.31岁。调查人员均为口腔科专科医师,采用现场调查的方式对每位参检对象进行口腔检查。结果患龋人数为161人,患龋率(DMF)40.3%,龋失补数(DMFT)237颗,龋均(DMFT)0.91,需治疗的龋齿数占龋补总数(DF)的68.3%。结论海军特勤人员口腔健康状况不容乐观,需要改善口腔医疗条件、加强口腔疾病预防工作、尽快建立口腔疾病防治程序。     

Effect of Different Application Techniques of All-in-One Adhesives on Microtensile Bond Strength to Sound and Caries-Affected Dentin

The aim of this study was to evaluate the microtensile bond strength of two all-in-one self-etch adhesives applied to sound and caries-affected dentin with four different application techniques. Forty extracted third molars with occlusal caries were randomly divided into four groups for G-Aenial Bond and S3 Bond: (1) according to manufacturer's instructions; (2) with acid etching before applying adhesives; (3) doubling adhesive application time; and (4) doubling adhesive coating. Teeth were sectioned to obtain 1-mm- ± 0.2-mm-thick dentin sticks and subjected to a tensile force. For G-Aenial Bond, doubling the time and application of two consecutive coats produced significantly higher strength than that obtained by following manufacturers' instructions and acid etching application to sound dentin. Prior acid etching and application of two consecutive coats to caries-affected dentin generated significantly higher bond strength than that using other techniques. For S3 Bond, there was no significant difference between application techniques in caries-affected dentin. For sound dentin, double-time application of S3 Bond produced significantly higher strength than application according to the manufacturers' instructions. Compared to the application according to manufacturer's instructions, acid etching before applying adhesives, doubling application time, and doubling the coating had a positive effect on bond strength to caries-affected dentin for all-in-one adhesives.