二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵的合成

研究了以二甲氨、氯丙烯、氢氧化钠为原料,制备二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵(DMDAAC)的合成工艺。通过比较一步法、两步法和滴加法三种工艺路线,最终采用滴加法,具体工艺为用低于20℃水冷却,将氢氧化钠溶液和氯丙烯以交替滴加的方式加入到二甲氨溶液中,氯乙醇、氢氧化钠、二甲胺三者的物质的量之比为2∶1∶1。然后控制季铵化反应温度为45℃,反应10h后,进行减压蒸馏,减压过滤提纯产品,得到收率在60%以上的产品。该工艺流程简单,条件温和,适于工业生产。     

二步法合成二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵的研究

利用烯丙基氯与二甲胺采用二步法合成了阳离子单体二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵的方法。分析了烯丙基氯加入方式，反应温度对叔胺产率的影响；以及季铵化温度和季铵化时间对季铵盐产率的影响。     

新型复合引发剂APS-TEA引发DMDAAC的聚合及PDMDAAC的应用

用一步法合成DMDAAC单体，采用APS—TEA复合引发体系引发聚合得到PDMDAAC。实验取100mL质量分数为72％的DMDAAC溶液，通N2 30min后加入APS 0．548g、TEA0．352g、EDTA·2Na 15．04mg，当反应温度为42℃，反应时间为24h时，DMDAAC的转化率为82．26％，PDMDAAC的特征粘度为1．06dL／g。采用PFS（聚合硫酸铁）、PDMDAAC和PFS—PDMDAAC复合絮凝剂处理Cu^2＋、pb^2＋浓度均为10mg／L的模拟重金属污水，PFS—PDMDAAC复合絮凝剂处理效果最好。控制模拟污水的终点DH值约为8．5，使用PFS-PDMDAAC复合絮凝剂，当PFS剂量为5．52mg／L、PDMDAAC剂量为0．39mg／L时，处理后Cu^2＋、Pb^2＋去除率分别达到99．8％和99．9％。     

响应曲面优化法合成聚丙烯酰胺类共聚物

采用响应曲面优化法(Response surface methodology)以丙烯酰胺(AM)和二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵(DMDAAC)为共聚单体,通过自由基聚合对聚丙烯酰胺类共聚物(PDA)进行制备研究。探讨了3个主要因子单体摩尔比、聚合体系p H、引发剂用量的最佳水平及各自变量间的交互作用对PDA得率的影响,通过该法设计得到了最佳优化条件:单体摩尔比n(AM)∶n(DMDAAC)=2.5∶1,聚合体系p H6.00,引发剂用量为单体总质量的1.00%。在模型提供的最优水平下PDA得率89.807%,与预测值91.6944%相吻合,表明所选模型准确、可靠。该方法为聚丙烯酰胺类共聚物的合成及应用提供了依据。     

丙烯酰胺-二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵共聚物的制备

介绍了以丙烯酰胺（AM）和二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵（DMDAAC）为原料,过硫酸铵和亚硫酸钠为引发剂,反应体系中加入无机发泡剂盐A和抗高温有机物B,采用水溶液聚合,制备丙烯酰胺-二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵共聚物的方法.考察了引发剂用量和原料单体摩尔比对共聚物处理模拟废水的效果,结果表明,在引发剂用量占单体总量的0.15%,单体含量占反应物总量40%,单体摩尔比5：1,发泡剂A用量和物质B用量各占单体总量4%,反应温度为室温,溶液pH值6～7最佳范围内,制备的共聚物处理模拟废水后上清液透光率达90%～95%.     

AM／AA／DMDAAC三元共聚物的合成及其在泥浆中的性能

在室内合成了AM／AA／DMDAAC三元共聚物，考察了合成因素对共聚物作为泥浆处理剂的性能的影响，对所得共聚物作了初步的室内性能评阶，结果表明它具有显著的降虑失作用和较好的防塌效果。     

Surface modification and characterization of carbon spheres by grafting polyelectrolyte brushes

Modified carbon spheres (CSPBs) were obtained by grafting poly(diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride) (p-DMDAAC) on the surface of carbon spheres (CSs). It can be viewed as a kind of cation spherical polyelectrolyte brushes (CSPBs), which consist of carbon spheres as core and polyelectrolytes as shell. The method of synthesizing carbon spheres was hydrothermal reaction. Before the polyelectrolyte brushes were grafted, azo initiator [4,4′-Azobis(4-cyanovaleric acyl chloride)] was attached to the carbon spheres'' surface through hydroxyl groups. CSPBs were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), gel permeation chromatography (GPC), conductivity meter, and system zeta potential. The results showed that compared with carbon spheres, the conductivity and zeta potential on CSPBs increased from 9.98 to 49.24 μS/cm and 11.6 to 42.5 mV, respectively, after the polyelectrolyte brushes were grafted. The colloidal stability in water was enhanced, and at the same time, the average diameter of the CSPBs was found to be 173 nm, and the average molecular weight and grafted density of the grafted polyelectrolyte brushes were 780,138 g/mol and 4.026 × 10⁹/nm^2, respectively.     

DMDAAC／AM共聚物合成及其絮凝性能

在（ＮＨ４）２Ｓ２Ｏ８－ＮａＨＳＯ３氧化还原引发体系下合成出特征粘度１１．９８ｄＩ／ｇ二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵与丙烯酰胺阳离子高分子絮凝剂,用硅藻土悬浮液及工业废水进行了絮凝实验,并与国内外阳离子絮凝剂进行了比较。     

Characterization of cationic polyacrylamide‐grafted starch flocculant synthesized by one‐step reaction

Cationic polyacrylamide‐grafted starch (St‐g‐CPAM) flocculant was prepared by using corn starch and acrylamide (AM) as monomers, dimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride (DMDAAC) as cationic monomer through solution polymerization. The effects of initiator, reaction temperature, and monomer concentration on flocculation, the efficiency of grafting, and the yield of grafting were investigated. The results show that the optimal conditions of the polymerization are as follows: the concentration of ceric ammonium nitrate is 0.5%, the reaction temperature is 60°C, the concentration of total monomer is 20%, and the monomer ratio between AM and DMDAAC is 7 : 3. The flocculation capability was characterized by turbidity reduction. The thermal behavior, chemical structure, and microstructure of St‐g‐CPAM were also investigated by thermal gravimetric, IR, and SEM analyses. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011     

阳离子型高分子絮凝剂PDMDAAC与P(DMDAAC-AM)的合成及分析

在低于 2 0℃的温度下 ,向二甲胺溶液中同时滴加氯丙烯和NaOH溶液 ,保持pH值在 9.5～ 10 .5之间 ,待加料完毕后升温回流至反应完全 ,一步法合成了二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵(DMDAAC) ,并采取减压蒸馏对其进行了提纯。然后采用水溶液自由基聚合方式 ,在 40℃下用占单体总质量 1%的复合引发剂引发DMDAAC ,或DMDAAC和丙烯酰胺 (AM)聚合 ,反应 8h后得到了阳离子型高分子絮凝剂聚二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵 (PDMDAAC)及DMDAAC与AM的共聚物P(DMDAAC AM)。其中PDMDAAC的特性黏度可达 1.96dL/g,阳离子度为 10 %的P(DMDAAC AM)的特性黏度可达 9 2 6dL/g。发现元素分析法和沉淀滴定法均可用于P(DMDAAC AM)阳离子度的测定 ,沉淀滴定法更简捷方便。采用NMR和IR对PDMDAAC和P(DMDAAC AM)进行了详细的分析表征