Detonation-induced coal gasification

A preliminary experimental and theorotical investigation of the feasibility of detonation-induced pulverized coal gasification is described. The concept envisions a closed annular detonation duct through which a hydrogen/oxygen gasphase detonation propagates continuously. Coal particles injected into the violent and rapidly changing atmosphere produced by the detonation would undergo gasification reactions and be subsequently expelled from the duct. These events would occur in a time period compatible with one revolution of the detonation. A one-dimensional analysis of the response of a single coal particle within the expansion-wave region behind the detonation front is presented. Independent variables include particle diameter, initial H₂/O₂ stoichiometry and expansion wavelength (at the time the particle is overtaken by the detonation front). The most significant result of this analysis is the prediction of relative gas/particle velocities ranging between 125 and 1500m/s, which are sustained throughout particle residence times of 1–15 ms corresponding to 10–1000 μm diameter particles. An experimental facility comprising a 47 m ‘single-shot’ detonation duct that was built for this study is discussed. The duct was 2.54 cm square and was terminated at each end by a 0.36 m diameter × 2.44 m long cylindrical tank which contained helium gas during a test. Sized coal particles were placed at a point within the first 3.7 m length of the duct, and thin brass diaphragms initially separated the duct from the two helium-filled tanks. Detonation was initiated at the duct, end closest to these particles. The diaphragm at that end burst, allowing combustion and gasification products to exhaust into the adjoining tank where they were quenched and decelerated. When the detonation reached the far end of the duct the second diaphragm burst, minimizing wave reflections which would otherwise return to the ‘test section’ end and interfere with the flow field there. After a test the contents of both tanks and the duct were circulated and mixed. A gas sample was then drawn and analysed for yield. Results from preliminary experiments using this facility are presented. Although too few tests were conducted for conclusive observations to be reported, in two experiments yields of CO + CH₄ representing 40 per cent of the total initial carbon content in the coal samples were obtained.     

传爆管用聚奥99炸药研究

介绍了具有高煤轰感度和耐热特性的聚奥99炸药的配方、制备工艺、性能以及装入传爆管后产品的性能和应用状况。     

可导通非电起爆系统研究

阐述采用非电导爆管组装成全封闭系统，以实现网路导通检查，并有效控制瓦斯引爆。     

Numerical simulation of detonation using an adaptive Cartesian cut-cell method combined with a cell-merging technique

A second-order accurate scheme for the Cartesian cut-cell method developed previously by the authors [Ji H, Lien F-S, Yee E. Comput. Methods Appl. Mech. Eng. 198 (2008), 432] is generalized for application to both two- and three-dimensional inviscid compressible flow problems. A cell-merging approach is used to address the so-called “small cell” problem that has plagued Cartesian cut-cell methods. In the present cell-merging approach, the conservative variables are stored at the cut-cell centroid (including the non-merged and merged cut-cells) rather than at the Cartesian cell center. Although this approach results in a more complicated search algorithm for the determination of the neighbor cells (required for the computation of the spatial gradients of the conservative variables), this approach enables the straightforward formulation of a higher than first-order accurate discretization scheme in the vicinity of the (complex and irregular) internal boundaries of the flow domain. Six test cases (including detonation problems) are used to demonstrate the accuracy and capability of the adaptive cut-cell method, for which both mesh refinement and derefinement techniques are employed in the case of an unsteady shock diffraction problem.     

爆炸喷涂Cr_3C_2-35NiCr涂层的组织及性能研究

采用爆炸喷涂技术(D-gun)制备Cr3C2-35NiCr涂层。采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、电子探针(EPMA)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)对涂层微观结构、成分和相组成进行了分析,此外采用光学显微镜、显微硬度仪、拉伸试验机、摩擦磨损试验机等设备分别对涂层的孔隙率、硬度、断裂韧度、结合强度、磨损性能和热震性能进行了测试分析。试验结果表明:爆炸喷涂制备的Cr3C2-35NiCr涂层孔隙率为0.52%,显微硬度为HV803,断裂韧度为4.55MPa?m0.5,结合强度大于87.5MPa;涂层磨损性能和热震性能的测试结果表明,Cr3C2-35NiCr涂层室温摩擦系数为0.6,经受750℃下50次热震(水冷试验)无剥落。     

爆轰法合成纳米TiO_2及其光催化性能

采用黑索金为可爆药剂,用爆轰法制备出了类球形混晶纳米TiO2粉体,并对合成的纳米TiO2粉末进行了表征。以甲基橙为研究对象,紫外灯为光源,研究了甲基橙初始浓度、纳米TiO2用量、甲基橙溶液初始pH值、超声分散和光照时间对甲基橙降解率的影响。研究表明,所制备的纳米TiO2为锐钛矿、板钛矿和金红石组成的混晶体,平均粒度约为18nm。在氧化钛浓度固定的条件下,甲基橙溶液初始浓度越高降解率越低。随着氧化钛加入量的增加,甲基橙溶液的降解率先增大后减小,而氧化钛的加入量超过40.0mg/L后,甲基橙溶液的降解率又呈升高的趋势。超声波分散的纳米氧化钛的表观反应速率明显高于未经超声波分散的氧化钛的表观反应速率。随着光催化时间的延长,光转化率逐渐升高。     

焦炉煤气加热换向后爆鸣现象探讨

下喷式焦炉在使用焦炉煤气加热时,交换后经常发生爆呜（俗称放炮）现象,它对于焦炉危害巨大,文章对爆呜现象发生的机理以及它的危害进行了分析,介绍了一些减少或消除爆呜现象的措施,特别对如何在操作维护中做好针对性的工作做了较详细的介绍。     

用自制起爆药和雷管测定猛炸药的爆轰感度

由于起爆药不能长途运输以及特殊药量的雷管无处购买,就实验室条件下,对常用的起爆药及特殊药量雷管的自制方法及测定猛炸药爆轰感度的结果进行了讨论.     

钝感猛炸药金属导爆索安全性试验研究

研究了作为爆轰传递与延期主体的小直径钝感猛炸药金属导爆索 ,在生产、使用、贮存与应用等环节中所涉及的诸如燃烧、烤爆、殉爆、弯曲、拉伸、撞击等作用后的安全可靠性。试验证明 ,外径为 0 .85mm,药芯直径约为 0 .45mm,装药量 0 .45g/ m的含有 HNS炸药的金属导爆索具有较高的安全性能。     

Detonation propagation in narrow gaps with various configurations

In general all detonation waves have cellular structure formed by the trajectory of the triple points.This paperaims to investigate experimentally the propagation of detonation in narrow gaps for hydrogen-oxygen-argonmixtures in terms of various gap heights and gap widths.The gap of total length 1500 mm was constructed bythree pair of stainless plates,each of them was 500 mm in length,which were inserted in a detonation tube.Thegap heights were varied from 1.2 mm to 3.0 mm while the gap widths were varied from 10 mm to 40 mm.Variousargon dilution rates were tested in the present experiments to change the size of cellular structure.Attempts havebeen made by means of reaction front velocity,shock front velocity,and smoked foil to record variations of cel-lular structure inside the gaps.A combination probe composed of a pressure and an ion probe detected the arrivalof the shock and the reaction front individually at one measurement point.Experimental results show that thenumber of the triple points contained in detonation front decreases with decrease in the gap heights and gapwidths,which lead to larger cellular structures.For mixtures with low detonability,cell size is affected by a cer-tain gap width although conversely cell size is almost independent of gap width.From the present result it wasfound that detonation propagation inside the gaps is strongly governed by the gap height and effects of gap widthis dependent on detonability of mixtures.