煅烧白云石质量的影响因素分析与控制

结合回转窑煅烧白云石生产实际进行跟踪试验,分析研究了白云石粒度、煅烧时间、煅烧温度对白云石质量的影响,为实际白云石煅烧生产提供了较佳的煅烧条件。同时提出了以回转窑主电机转速进行煅烧时间的控制;以窑尾温度和感应温度计所测窑壁温度来控制煅烧温度的控制措施,并在生产中得到了应用。     

鄂尔多斯盆地靖边气田南部古风化壳岩溶储层有效性评价

鄂尔多斯盆地靖边气田南部奥陶系马家沟组马五_(1-2)亚段白云岩储层由于风化岩溶作用形成了复杂的孔隙系统,孔隙结构的复杂性增强了储层的非均质性和各向异性,也增加了储层有效性评价的难度。通过钻井取心和录井资料标定常规测井曲线,结合压汞、铸体薄片、成像测井、核磁共振测井及试气资料,分别从影响储层孔隙结构的岩性、缝洞、物性、平面分布等方面对该层段进行了储层有效性综合评价,形成了一套适合该地区储层的测井有效性评价标准,并建立了具有不同孔隙结构储层的测井识别模式。研究结果表明:岩性较纯的细粉晶云岩孔隙结构较好、缝洞配置良好、基质物性好,因而储层有效性好,产能相对较高;向东和东北倾斜的古地貌对储层的分布具有明显的控制作用.由西向东及由西南向东北方向的储层,其有效性逐渐变差,产能逐渐降低。所得到的储层有效性评价指标在相同岩溶机理形成的其他地区也具有一定的适用性.只需根据具体储层特征和试气结果进行标定,适当调整标准即可使用。     

十二烷基磷酸酯作为捕收剂浮选分离菱镁矿与白云石的探索

通过对菱镁矿及其主要伴生脉石矿物白云石性质的研究可知：探讨用阴离子表面活性剂──十二烷基磷酸酯作为捕收剂浮选分离菱镁矿和白云石的可能性很有意义。在本论文实验中，首先用十二醇、三氯氧磷为主要原料合成了十二烷基磷酸酯，研究了它对菱镁矿和白云石的捕收作用；并探讨了配合使用水玻璃作为抑制剂，用十二烷基磷酸脂作为捕收剂，浮选分离菱镁矿与白云石分离的可能性和条件。     

Hydrogen production via catalytic steam reforming of fast pyrolysis bio-oil in a two-stage fixed bed reactor system

Hydrogen production was prepared via catalytic steam reforming of fast pyrolysis bio-oil in a two-stage fixed bed reactor system. Low-cost catalyst dolomite was chosen for the primary steam reforming of bio-oil in consideration of the unavoidable deactivation caused by direct contact of metal catalyst and bio-oil itself. Nickel-based catalyst Ni/MgO was used in the second stage to increase the purity and the yield of desirable gas product further. Influential parameters such as temperature, steam to carbon ratio (S/C, S/CH₄), and material space velocity (W_BHSV, GHSV) both for the first and the second reaction stages on gas product yield, carbon selectivity of gas product, CH₄ conversion as well as purity of desirable gas product were investigated. High temperature (> 850 °C) and high S/C (> 12) are necessary for efficient conversion of bio-oil to desirable gas product in the first steam reforming stage. Low W_BHSV favors the increase of any gas product yield at any selected temperature and the overall conversion of bio-oil to gas product increases accordingly. Nickel-based catalyst Ni/MgO is effective in purification stage and 100% conversion of CH₄ can be obtained under the conditions of S/CH₄ no less than 2 and temperature no less than 800 °C. Low GHSV favors the CH₄ conversion and the maximum CH₄ conversion 100%, desirable gas product purity 100%, and potential hydrogen yield 81.1% can be obtained at 800 °C provided that GHSV is no more than 3600 h^− 1. Carbon deposition behaviors in one-stage reactor prove that the steam reforming of crude bio-oil in a two-stage fixed bed reaction system is necessary and significant.     

四川盆地中部中二叠统热液白云岩储渗空间类型及成因

近年来,四川盆地川西北地区有多口井在中二叠统栖霞组、茅口组钻获高产气流,展现出该层系巨大的天然气勘探潜力,但有关该盆地中二叠统白云岩储层的成因机理则众说纷纭,一直未达成共识。为此,基于川中地区栖霞组、茅口组岩心及薄片等岩相学特征,以及碳、氧、锶同位素和包裹体均一化温度等地球化学特征,开展了中二叠统热液白云岩储渗空间类型及储渗相特征研究,分析了白云岩储层的成因及其控制因素。结果认为:(1)茅口组、栖霞组石灰岩地层经历了构造控制热液活动,发育萤石、鞍状白云石、天青石的热液矿物组合和膨胀角砾结构;(2)较之于宿主石灰岩,细—中晶云岩和鞍状白云石均呈现出δ18O负偏移、87Sr/86Sr正偏移;(3)中二叠统形成由热液溶孔、热液白云岩晶间孔、热液溶洞、热液扩溶缝等4种储渗空间构成的热液白云岩储渗体。结论认为:(1)热液白云岩储集相发育和分布受深大断裂的控制,呈"透镜状"分布在具"下凹"地震反射特征的区域;(2)中二叠统热液白云岩储集相与下伏烃源岩和上覆封堵层的有机组合可构成有利的天然气勘探目标。     

四川盆地西南部平探1井中二叠统栖霞组天然气勘探新突破及其意义

2020年,四川盆地西南部地区(以下简称川西南部)平探1井在中二叠统栖霞组钻遇台缘带孔隙型白云岩储层并获得高产工业气流,实现了该区中二叠统天然气勘探的新突破。为了深化对栖霞组的地质认识,指导该区带天然气勘探,在分析平探1井钻探成果的基础上,对该区的烃源条件、储层特征、保存条件等油气成藏要素开展了研究,探讨了该区栖霞组天然气的勘探潜力及下一步的勘探方向。研究结果表明:①川西南部栖霞组储层以中、细晶白云岩为主,储集空间主要为溶蚀孔洞、晶间孔、粒间孔和裂缝,为低孔、中—低渗透裂缝—孔隙型储层,局部发育高孔高渗储层;储层横向展布受台缘滩控制,主要沿邛西—平落坝—名山—汉王场一带大面积分布;②该区栖霞组天然气的来源与双鱼石构造类似,由下寒武统筇竹寺组泥页岩和中二叠统泥灰岩混源构成,主要来源于前者;③该区纵向上不仅具有"双层构造"特征,而且三叠系盐膏层具有区域封盖条件,二叠系的构造圈闭及构造—岩性复合圈闭形态完整、保存条件良好,为栖霞组天然气聚集成藏提供了有利的场所。结论认为,川西南部中二叠统具有较好的天然气成藏条件,平探1井的突破展示了该区栖霞组台缘带白云岩储层良好的天然气勘探潜力。     

川中茅口组白云岩储层预测关键技术研究与应用

四川盆地中部下二叠茅口组白云岩储层物性差、厚度薄、埋藏深且空间各向异性较强,给地震资料处理和储层预测造成困难.为明确研究区茅口组地层下一步勘探方向,以中、深层缝洞型碳酸盐岩处理成像和非均质性缝洞型储层量化描述为导向,探索并形成了多敏感曲线融合、井控高保真宽频处理、岩溶古地貌刻画、地震相带预测以及相控储层反演预测等多种关...     

鄂尔多斯盆地东部奥陶系储层特征及控制因素

鄂尔多斯盆地奥陶系马家沟组沉积时期,由于受中央古隆起及边缘坳陷的制约,处于陆缘盆地环境,储层的溶蚀作用较弱,充填作用较强,空间展布具有强烈的非均质性。这种发育特征宏观上受沉积环境、古沟槽、古水动力条件的制约,微观上受孔隙类型、充填强度以及充填物类型的影响。沉积环境决定了沉积岩的类型,后者是储层发育的物质基础;古沟槽纵横交错,控制着残余溶丘的平面分布;压释水决定着区域充填程度的差异。孔洞充填物质的类型主要包括白云石和方解石,白云石对有效孔隙的保存具有建设性作用,方解石对有效孔隙的保存具有破坏性作用,白云石、方解石混合充填区与古沟槽交切形成的微岩溶地貌相叠合,是今后盆地东部奥陶系勘探的主要方向。     

Preparation, characterisation of thermally treated Algerian dolomite powders and application to azo-dye adsorption

Dolomite powder from Ouled Mimoun, Tlemcen (western region of Algeria) was thermally treated within the temperature range 450-1000 °C. The modifications undergone by dolomite, inherent to thermal treatment, were investigated from X-ray diffraction patterns. The results were also discussed using scanning electronic microscopy and nitrogen adsorption. The XRD data, analysed from X Pert Plus program, showed that the dolomite phase ceases at 700 °C and is relayed by the formation of in situ calcite and periclase. The crystallographic parameters of these two phases tend towards that of pure periclase and calcite at 1000 and 900 °C, respectively. SEM analysis indicated that the morphological properties were profoundly affected. SEM images of D-1000 (sample treated at 1000 °C) indicated that the original particle shape of dolomite (presence of discrete grains having sharp edges with presence of cleavages) was totally destroyed, leading to small spherical particles with a diameter of 0.1 μm. The specific surface area value of D-1000 increased more than 6 times against that of the raw dolomite. Adsorption of azo-dye Orange I from aqueous solutions onto untreated and treated dolomites was also reported. The isotherms were of L-type. The interaction was explained by electrostatic considerations between sulfonate groups of the dye (D-SO₃Na), which are dissociated in the aqueous system, and positively charged adsorption sites. The affinity of orange I for the dolomitic solids follows the sequence D-900 > D-1000 > D-800 > > D-600 > raw dolomite. The maximum retention capacity shown by D-900 was explained and correlated with its crystallographic properties.     

Biodiesel production through transesterification over natural calciums

Transesterification of palm kernel oil (PKO) with methanol over various natural calciums, including limestone calcite, cuttlebone, dolomite, hydroxyapatite, and dicalcium phosphate, has been investigated at 60 °C and 1 atm. The study showed that dolomite, mainly consisting of CaCO₃ and MgCO₃, is the most active catalyst. The calcination temperature largely affected the physicochemical properties, as evidenced by N₂ adsorption-desorption measurement, TGA, SEM and XRD, and the transesterification performance of the resultant catalysts. It was found that the calcination of dolomite at 800 °C resulted in a highly active mixed oxide. CaO was suggested to be the catalytically active site responsible for the methyl ester formation. Under the suitable reaction conditions, the amount of dolomite calcined at 800 °C = 6 wt.% based on the weight of oil, the methanol/oil molar ratio = 30, and the reaction time = 3 h, the methyl ester content of 98.0% can be achieved. The calcined dolomite can be reused many times. The analyses of some important fuel properties indicated that the biodiesel produced had the properties that meet the standard of biodiesel and diesel fuel issued by the Department of Energy Business, Ministry of Energy, Thailand.