含气脂质体的超声波介导体外基因输送的实验研究

研究不同超声频率对含气脂质体声致基因转染效率的影响.采用物理及化学法制备含气型脂质体,并比较不同磷脂配比的含气脂质体含气量差异.以不同频率超声联合化学法制备的含气脂质体转染A549细胞,比较各组报告基因的转染效率.结果表明:应用化学法制备的含气脂质体含气量显著高于物理法,脂质体含气量在卵磷脂与胆固醇配比为7∶3时达到最大值(21%);频率为45kHz的超声波转染效率显著高于其他频率对照组(p0.001),其中以含气脂质体与质粒电荷比1∶1与1∶2时为最佳.超声波联合含气脂质体可以成功介导报告基因的转染,是一种极有希望的基因输送方法.     

肝脏特异性基因疫苗研究

本研究构建了肝脏特异性表达的载体,为进一步构建肝脏特异性的siRNA载体做前期准备。通过PCR方法扩增得到人Alpha-1抗胰蛋白酶(human-α1-anti-Trypsin)启动子片段(以下简称hAAT启动子)。回收纯化后克隆到pCDNA6载体中,同时以EGFP作为标记蛋白。将构建好的载体分别转染到肝癌细胞HePG2、乳腺癌细胞MDA-MB-231和肺癌细胞A549中,验证其在肝脏中特异性表达的能力。然后在荧光显微镜下观察。结果表明:载体在肝癌细胞中能很好的表达EGFP,在肺癌细胞A549、乳腺癌细胞MDA-MB-231中不表达EGFP。说明采用human-α1-anti-Trypsin启动子可以实现目的基因在肝癌细胞中特异性表达,这项研究应用于抗肝癌、肝炎的siRNA基因治疗,将有利于显著提高治疗效果,减少对身体的副作用。     

Effect of Glycine and Triton X-100 on secretion and expression of ZZ–EGFP fusion protein

Two-factor and three-level fractional factorial design was employed for evaluation of the effect of Glycine and Triton X-100 on the secretion and expression of ZZ–EGFP fusion proteins. Varying contents of glycine (0%, 1%, 2%) and Triton X-100 (0%, 1%, 2%) were added into shaking flasks, respectively, and supplied with appropriate volume of ampicillin (total 9 combinations; group at concentration zero serving as control) to promote more ZZ–EGFP diffuse into liquid culture medium. Fluorescent intensity in the culture supernatant was detected. A standard curve could be generated on the basis of fluorescent intensity and protein concentration. The expression level of ZZ–EGFP fusion proteins was estimated by checking the protein standard curve concentration fluorescene intensity. Results show that when the culture medium contains 2% Glycine and 1% Triton X-100, the expression level of ZZ–EGFP was able to be greatly increased. Further experiments revealed that absorbance value (A₆₀₀) in the experiment group, whose culture medium contains 2% Glycine and 2% Triton X-100, is significantly lower than other groups in the present experiment. These results indicate that the culture medium containing appropriate quantity of Glycine and Triton X-100 is favourable to the secretion and expression level of ZZ–EGFP in gene-engineering bacteria Escherichia coli HB101.     

促进米黑根毛霉脂肪酶分泌的毕赤酵母内源信号肽的筛选

米黑根毛霉脂肪酶（Rhizomucor miehei Lipase,RML）在造纸、食品、化妆品以及医药等行业应用广泛。本研究通过SignalP 4.1在线预测软件预测出9种具有分泌潜力的毕赤酵母内源信号肽序列：FLO10、CPR5、PRY2、DSE4、NUP145、MSB2、SSP120、FRE2、FLO9。以广泛应用的酿酒酵母α-交配因子（α-mating factor,α-MF）信号肽为对照,考察这九种内源信号肽对增强型绿色荧光蛋白（Enhanced green fluorescent protein,EGFP）和RML在蛋白酶缺陷型PichiaPinkTM表达系统的分泌效果。结果发现FLO10、PRY2、DSE4、MSB2、SSP120、FRE2能有效介导EGFP分泌,且PRY2、DSE4、MSB2、FRE2介导EGFP的分泌水平优于α-MF,分别是α-MF的2.15倍、1.15倍、1.33倍、1.30倍;FLO10、PRY2、DSE4、FRE2能有效介导RML的分泌,且FLO10介导RML的分泌水平最高,是α-MF的1.50倍,说明内源信号肽FLO10更能有效分泌RML。本研究为提高米黑根毛霉脂肪酶在蛋白酶缺陷型毕赤酵母的表达量奠定了一定的基础。     

颗粒溶素活性肽与增强型绿色荧光蛋白融合基因真核表达质粒的构建及其在小鼠黑色素瘤细胞中的表达

目的构建人颗粒溶素(GLS)活性肽(9ku-GLS)与增强型绿色荧光蛋白(EGFP)融合基因的真核表达载体,并检测其在小鼠黑色素瘤细胞B16中的表达。方法经PCR扩增9ku-GLS基因,插入质粒pBudCE4.1中,经酶切及测序鉴定正确后,亚克隆至质粒pEGFP-C1中,将融合基因真核表达质粒pEGFP-C1/S9K转染B16细胞,采用荧光显微镜及RT-PCR法检测融合蛋白的表达。结果融合基因真核表达质粒pEGFP-C1/S9K经双酶切鉴定证明构建正确,转染B16细胞24h后,荧光显微镜下可观察到绿色荧光,且经RT-PCR可扩增出267bp的目的基因片段。结论已成功构建9ku-GLS与EGFP融合基因的真核表达质粒,且在B16细胞中表达了融合蛋白。     

Chitosan—A versatile semi-synthetic polymer in biomedical applications

This review outlines the new developments on chitosan-based bioapplications. Over the last decade, functional biomaterials research has developed new drug delivery systems and improved scaffolds for regenerative medicine that is currently one of the most rapidly growing fields in the life sciences. The aim is to restore or replace damaged body parts or lost organs by transplanting supportive scaffolds with appropriate cells that in combination with biomolecules generate new tissue. This is a highly interdisciplinary field that encompasses polymer synthesis and modification, cell culturing, gene therapy, stem cell research, therapeutic cloning and tissue engineering. In this regard, chitosan, as a biopolymer derived macromolecular compound, has a major involvement. Chitosan is a polyelectrolyte with reactive functional groups, gel-forming capability, high adsorption capacity and biodegradability. In addition, it is innately biocompatible and non-toxic to living tissues as well as having antibacterial, antifungal and antitumor activity. These features highlight the suitability and extensive applications that chitosan has in medicine. Micro/nanoparticles and hydrogels are widely used in the design of chitosan-based therapeuticsystems. The chemical structure and relevant biological properties of chitosan for regenerative medicine have been summarized as well as the methods for the preparation of controlled drug release devices and their applications.     

Thermoresponsive poly(oligo ethylene glycol acrylates)

Thermoresponsive polymers have been the subject of numerous publications and research topics in the last few decades mostly driven by their easily controllable temperature stimulus and high potential for in vitro and in vivo applications. P(NIPAAm) is the most studied amongst these polymers, but recently other types of polymers are increasingly being investigated for their thermoresponsive behavior. In particular, polymers bearing a short oligo ethylene glycol (OEG) side chain have been shown to combine the biocompatibility of polyethylene glycol (PEG) with a versatile and controllable LCST behavior. These polymers can be synthesized via controlled radical polymerization techniques from various monomers consisting of an OEG chain and a polymerizable group like a (meth)acrylate, styrene or acrylamide. OEG acrylates offer significant advantages over, e.g., OEG methacrylates as the lower hydrophilicity of the backbone facilitates thermoresponsive behavior with smaller, more defined side chains. Furthermore, PEG acrylates can be polymerized using all major controlled radical polymerization techniques, unlike OEG methacrylates. This review will focus on OEG acrylate based (co)polymers and will provide a comprehensive overview of their reported thermoresponsive properties. The combination and comparison of this data will not only highlight the potential of these monomers, but will also serve as a starting point for future studies.     

EGFP-PDGFRβ融合基因表达载体的构建及其转染COS-7细胞条件的优化

目的构建EGFP-PDGFRβ融合基因表达载体,并优化PEI介导基因转染COS-7细胞的条件。方法PCR扩增EGFP和PDGFRβ基因,依次连接至pcDNA3.1(+)质粒中,构建融合基因表达载体H-E-P-pcDNA3.1(+),经PEI介导转染COS-7细胞,并对转染条件进行优化。结果融合基因表达载体经酶切及测序证明构建正确。经PEI介导转染COS-7细胞的最佳条件为:DNA浓度2μg/ml,N/P比值15.5,在无血清条件下转染。此条件适用于滚瓶培养细胞的转染。结论已成功构建了EGFP-PDGFRβ融合基因表达载体,并优化了经PEI介导转染COS-7细胞的条件。     

慢病毒载体转染离体兔角膜基质细胞的实验研究

目的：观察慢病毒载体转染离体兔角膜基质细胞的有效性及对细胞活性的影响。方法：转染组用慢病毒携带增强型绿色荧光蛋白（Lentivirus-enhanced green fluorescent proteins,Lenti-EGFP）转染细胞,对照组则加入空白培养液,在不同感染复数（multiplicity of infection,MOI）及感染后不同时间段在倒置荧光显微镜下观察绿色荧光蛋白的表达情况并计算转染率;RT-PCR检测EGFP mRNA的表达;MTT比色法和流式细胞技术（Flow cytometer,FCM）检测病毒对细胞增殖和凋亡的影响。结果：Lenti-EGFP转染细胞后从48h开始可见绿色荧光,在MOI=500时,转染后第5天转染率可达51%;RT-PCR检测转染组有EGFP的mRNA表达;MTT结果显示在MOI为1~500时,漫病毒不影响细胞的增殖;在MOI=500时,FCM检测慢病毒载体对细胞凋亡无影响。结论：慢病毒载体可以在体外稳定有效转染兔角膜基质细胞且不影响细胞活性,是角膜基质细胞理想的基因转染载体。