基于截面含气率的气／液两相流相关速度测量

基于双截面电阻层析成像技术进行气／液两相流的相关速度测试研究,分析了相关速度测量原理,提出了基于截面含气率的相关测速方法。通过插值增加上游、下游双截面含气率的采样数据,利用独立开发的软件系统具有的数据存储与回放功能对基于截面含气率的相关测速方法进行评定实验。实验结果表明：该方法测速精度较高,且稳定可靠。     

一种新型两相流检测ERT图像重建算法

针对目前电阻层析成像(ERT)应用于两相流领域重建图像算法存在成像精度较低和速度较慢的问题,基于BFGS最优化方法,提出一种新型图像重建算法.为满足两相流在线参数测量的要求,对BFGS算法进行了改进.改进的BFGS算法(MBFGS)选取了不精确的迭代方向,并用单位矩阵近似代替目标函数的Hessian矩阵.数值实验证明,新算法较为稳定和快速,重建图像的质量优于目前常用的灵敏度系数法和线性反投影算法,算法以较小的速度代价重建较高质量的图像.     

Intracellular Delivery of Proteins with Cell-Penetrating Peptides for Therapeutic Uses in Human Disease

Protein therapy exhibits several advantages over small molecule drugs and is increasingly being developed for the treatment of disorders ranging from single enzyme deficiencies to cancer. Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs), a group of small peptides capable of promoting transport of molecular cargo across the plasma membrane, have become important tools in promoting the cellular uptake of exogenously delivered proteins. Although the molecular mechanisms of uptake are not firmly established, CPPs have been empirically shown to promote uptake of various molecules, including large proteins over 100 kiloDaltons (kDa). Recombinant proteins that include a CPP tag to promote intracellular delivery show promise as therapeutic agents with encouraging success rates in both animal and human trials. This review highlights recent advances in protein-CPP therapy and discusses optimization strategies and potential detrimental effects.     

一个简单实用的神经网络环状流参数估计器

环状流是一种典型的两相流.人们常用线性反投影法(LBP)对其进行快速成像.但由于该算法精度不高,本质上是一种定性算法,得到的效果不能令人满意.本文以电阻抗层析测量系统(ERT)中LBP法为研究对象,分析其存在的缺陷和产生缺陷的原因.针对理想环状流这一特定流型提出并建立一个基于BP神经网络的参数估计器来计算管道内含油区面积.仿真表明,对环状流使用该估计器能够获得较好的结果.     

Electrical Resistance Tomography (ERT) applications to Chemical Engineering

Electrical Resistance Tomography (ERT) has the capability of offering time-evolving multidimensional comprehensive process knowledge, enrichment of fundamental process understanding and enhancement of the design and operation of process equipment by measuring the conductivity distribution within a process-plant of interest. This paper reviews the wide variety of previous work on ERT applications to Chemical Engineering. The applications are categorized based on the unit operations ERT has been applied to, the media under investigation, the purpose of ERT measurements and also other technologies used in conjunction with ERT. The aim of this taxonomy is to provide the reader with a general understanding of the current situation of ERT related research and proven applications in the Chemical Engineering field and to facilitate the recognition of research gaps for future investigation. Based on this detailed taxonomy and review the potential application of ERT to the milk powder processing industry was identified. Some results of the application of ERT to milk mixing/holding tanks and milk flow pipelines for the purpose of concentration and composition measurements, detection of abnormalities and faults, and multidimensional flow and velocity profile measurements have also been presented as a case study of using this taxonomy.     

The effect of gas‐liquid counter‐current operation on gas hold‐up in bubble columns using electrical resistance tomography

BACKGROUND: In order to improve the performance of a counter‐current bubble column, radial variations of the gas hold‐ups and mean hold‐ups were investigated in a 0.160 m i.d. bubble column using electrical resistance tomography with two axial locations (Plane 1 and Plane 2). In all experiments the liquid phase was tap water and the gas phase air. The superficial gas velocity was varied from 0.02 to 0.25 m s^?1, and the liquid velocity varied from 0 to 0.01 m s^?1. The effect of liquid velocity on the distribution of mean hold‐ups and radial gas hold‐ups is discussed. RESULTS: The gas hold‐up profile in a gas–liquid counter‐current bubble column was determined by electrical resistance tomography. The liquid velocity slightly influences the mean hold‐up and radial hold‐up distribution under the selected operating conditions and the liquid flow improves the transition gas velocity from a homogeneous regime to a heterogeneous regime. Meanwhile, the radial gas hold‐up profiles are steeper at the central region of the column with increasing gas velocity. Moreover, the gas hold‐up in the centre of the column becomes steeper with increasing liquid velocity. CONCLUSIONS: The value of mean gas hold‐ups slightly increases with increasing downward liquid velocity, and more than mean gas hold‐ups in batch and co‐current operation. According to the experimental results, an empirical correlation for the centreline gas hold‐up is obtained based on the effects of gas velocity, liquid velocity, and ratio of axial height to column diameter. The values calculated in this way are in close agreement with experimental data, and compare with literature data on gas hold‐ups at the centre of the column. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry     

基于DAC的电阻层析成像系统激励信号源设计

为了解决传统电阻层析成像系统中激励信号源的问题,如电路的频率、幅值调节困难,电路设计模块复杂等问题,本文设计了一种新的电阻层析成像激励信号源产生系统。该系统利用微控器控制DAC芯片产生幅度频率可调的激励信号,该信号驱动精密电压/电流转换电路后产生双极性脉冲电流激励信号。研究表明,此系统可以满足使用要求,同时,在一定程度...     

Effect of Impeller Spacing on the Flow Field of Yield-Pseudoplastic Fluids Generated by a Coaxial Mixing System Composed of Two Central Impellers and an Anchor

The three-dimensional flow field generated by a coaxial mixer composed of double Scaba impellers and an anchor in the mixing of the xanthan gum solution, a non-Newtonian yield-pseudoplastic fluid was investigated using the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) technique. The mixing time measurements were performed by a non-intrusive flow visualization technique called electrical resistance tomography (ERT). To evaluate the influence of the impeller spacing on the hydrodynamics of the double Scaba-anchor coaxial mixer, the upper impeller submergence was set to 0.140?m while the lower impeller clearance and the spacing between two central impellers were changed within a wide range. The experiments and simulations were conducted for both co-rotating and counter-rotating regimes at different impeller spacing. The analysis of the collected data with respect to the power number, flow number, mixing time, and pumping effectiveness proved that the co-rotating mode had superiority over the counter-rotating regime. Furthermore, the impact of the impeller spacing in the co-rotating mode was assessed with respect to the mixing time, power number, and mixing energy. The results demonstrated that a coaxial mixer with the impeller spacing of almost equal to the central impeller diameter (C₂?=?0.175?m) and the impeller clearance of C₃?=?0.185?m was the most efficient configuration compared to the other cases. Additionally, the influence of the impeller spacing on the flow pattern was assessed in terms of the radial velocity, tangential velocity, axial velocity, shear rate, and apparent viscosity profiles. When the impeller spacing (C₂) was varied, the merging flow and parallel flow patterns were observed.     

基于距离加权约束算法的围岩三维电阻率CT反演成像研究

孔中电极附近成像效果差的问题是一直以来困扰三维电阻率CT精细探测的难题,针对该问题,提出了"距离加权"约束反演的思路,通过构建"指数型"衰减的距离加权因子分布模型,对距孔中电源点不同远近的剖分单元赋予差异权重,重点改善了孔中电源点附近区域反演敏感度较高而造成的成像形态畸变问题,提高了三维电阻率CT反演成像方法对异常体三维定位和识别的精度及可靠性。通过数值反演试验和物理模型试验研究,进一步检验了距离加权约束反演方法在改善孔中电极附近异常体成像形态方面的有益效果,试验结果均比较准确地反映了异常体的空间位置、规模和形态。