搪瓷釉料新颖添加剂铝溶胶

搪瓷釉料新颖添加剂铝溶胶任岳荣（浙江省明矾石综合利用研究所３２５０２８）ＮｅｗＡｄｄｉｔｉｖｅＡｌｕｍｉｎａＳｏｌｆｏｒＧｌａｚｅｏｆＥｎａｍｅｌ￥ＲｅｎＹｕｅｒｏｎｇ（ＺｈｅｊｉａｎｇＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＣｏｍｐｒｅｈｅｎｓｉｖｅＵｔｉｌｉｚａｔ...     

低温搪瓷釉烧成温度的计算

搪瓷釉的烧成过程是液相烧结过程，其传质有赖于熔体的粘性流动。根据玻璃态物质化学组成-结构-粘度-温度的一般关系，推导出低温瓷釉烧成温度（T烧）的计算公式．经试用符合要求。     

Application of mushy/semi-solid joining—Part 3

A process to join glass or stone onto base metal alloys is proposed. The process characteristics allow using various kinds of glasses or stones, such as craft glass, beads, tile, amethyst, agate and hematite with different shapes and sizes. The process utilizes excellent and active join ability of mushy or semi-solid alloy’s properties. In this study, the mechanism of the joining was investigated and some applications were showed. The process itself has several useful properties like: (1) easy-to-operate, (2) ability to get good joining condition, and (3) applicability to a continuous production system. Through the study, it is found that the mushy joining is a useful and valuable manufacturing method for developing and manufacturing glass/metal or stone/metal composites. The mushy joining process is different from the existing cloisonné and enameling process.     

The influence of TiAlN and enamel coatings on the corrosion behavior of Ti6Al4V alloy in the presence of solid NaCl deposit and water vapor at 450 °C

The corrosion behavior of Ti6Al4V alloy with solid NaCl deposit and water vapor at 450 °C has been investigated. Serious corrosion occurred. In order to improve the corrosion resistance, TiAlN and enamel coatings were prepared, and their effectiveness and corrosion resistance were evaluated. The results indicated that both coatings were effective in protecting the alloy against corrosion induced by NaCl deposit and water vapor at 450 °C. The protection mechanisms of these two coatings were also studied.     

Aspects of enamel bonding using experimental silanes for orthodontic adhesion

This in vitro study investigates bonding to enamel using experimental silane-based primers with and without 2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate (HEMA) under various artificial ageing methods. One hundred and fifty sound extracted human premolars were used and randomly assigned to three experimental study groups. They were first acid-etched for 15 s, rinsed with water spray, air dried, and applied 0.3 ml of artificial saliva on the enamel surfaces. Two groups of enamel surfaces were primed using silane-based experimental primers (1.0 vol% of 3-isocyanatopropyltrimethoxysilane and 0.5 vol% of bis-1,2-(triethoxysilylethane) with and without 25% HEMA) while one group was served as control. Then, stainless steel premolar orthodontic brackets were fixed onto teeth with orthodontic resin composite. The specimens from each group (n=10) were stored under different ageing conditions: thermo-cycling (500, 2000, and 6000 cycles), storage in artificial saliva for 24 h, and for one year. The shear adhesion (bond) strength (SBS) was tested by using a universal testing machine at a crosshead speed of 1.0 mm/min. Surface morphology and failure modes at the debonded interfaces were examined using SEM. Two-way ANOVA and post hoc tests were used to compare the SBS (α=0.05). The results suggested that an experimental primer with 25% HEMA, after 24 h storage in artificial saliva, produced the highest mean SBS (22.1 MPa, SD 2.2 MPa). The lowest mean value (5.8 MPa, SD 1.1 MPa) was obtained with the control group thermo-cycled (6000 cycles). There was a significant difference between the experimental primers (p<0.001) and artificial ageing (p<0.001). We conclude that 25% HEMA inclusion in silane primer could provide satisfactory adhesion strength, and 500 cycles of thermo-cycling (ISO TR 11450) does not correlate with 1-year artificial saliva storage for enamel bonding test.     

搪瓷承压水箱在空气源热泵中实际运用研究

随着经济的快速发展，人们的生活水平得到了显著的提升，由此，人们对生活的质量就有了更高的要求，尤其是对热水的要求，更是出现了显著的提升。当前，国内的空气源热水器行业发展的十分迅速，能够充分地满足人们对热水的需求，这使得空气源热泵在人们的生活中应用的越来越广泛。在本文中，介绍了空气源热泵的工作原理以及优点，并介绍了搪瓷承压水箱在空气源热泵中的实际应用。     

The oxidation behavior and mechanical performance of Ti60 alloy with enamel coating

In the present paper, the influence of enamel coating, compared to the traditional TiAlCr coating, on oxidation behavior and oxygen contamination of Ti60 alloy at 700 and 800 °C was studied. A continuous protective alumina scale formed on TiAlCr coating during oxidation at the two temperatures; but a rather heavy interdiffusion layer appeared at the interface of TiAlCr/Ti60 during oxidation at 800 °C. The uniform and dense enamel coating could provide excellent protectiveness to Ti60 due to its thermal chemical stability and good compatibility in terms of thermal expansion coefficient to the substrate Ti60 alloy. According to the microhardness measurement results, there exists a layer of contamination of about 30 μm into the alloy after the enamel was vitrified for 30 min at 900 °C in air; but the depth of oxygen contamination into the alloy changed little after oxidation for 1000 h at 600 °C. The strength and the elongation at ambient temperature of Ti60 alloy with enamel coating decreased about 7.4% and 3.4% in comparison to the original bare alloy, respectively. From the results, the enamel coating could protect Ti60 alloy from oxidation and oxygen embrittlement.     

Spatial distribution of manganese in enamel and coronal dentine of human primary teeth

Emerging evidence indicates that excessive exposure to manganese (Mn) during the prenatal period and early childhood may result in neurodevelopmental deficits. However, accurate exposure biomarkers are not well established, limiting our understanding of exposure-response relationships over these susceptible periods of development. Naturally shed deciduous teeth are potentially a useful biomarker of environmental exposure to Mn. However, the uptake and distribution of Mn in human teeth has not been studied in detail.Mn distribution was measured at high resolution (~ 20 μm) in eight human primary teeth using laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. A bio-imaging methodology was applied to construct detailed elemental maps of three incisors, and bone meal (NIST SRM 1486) was used to validate the analyses.The distribution of Mn in enamel and coronal dentine showed a distinct and reproducible pattern. In enamel, the ⁵⁵Mn:⁴³Ca ratio was highest at the outer edge of enamel (range = 0.57 to 4.74) for approximately 20-40 μm but was substantially lower in deeper layers (range = 0.005 to 0.013). The highest levels of Mn were observed in dentine immediately adjacent the pulpal margin (⁵⁵Mn:⁴³Ca range = 2.27 to 6.95). Importantly, a clearly demarcated high Mn zone was observed in dentine at the incisal end of the teeth. Using confocal laser scanning microscopy to visualize the neonatal line, this region was identified as being in the prenatally formed dentine.The high-resolution map of the spatial distribution of Mn in human primary teeth highlighted specific reproducible patterns of Mn distribution in enamel and coronal dentine.     

Non-invasive Raman identification of crystalline and glassy phases in a 1781 Sèvres Royal Factory soft paste porcelain plate

A Raman study of a Sèvres soft paste (frit) porcelain plate allowed the identification of both the crystalline and amorphous phases. Cristobalite and pseudowollastonite gave main Raman signatures in the body where also tridymite, amorphous alkali silicate glass and lead arsenate apatite were detected. Na_0.4K_0.1Ca_0.5Pb₄(AsO₄)₃ lacunar apatite is identified as opacifier in blue and green overglaze enamel. Pb-Sb-reach pyrochlore (Naples Yellow) pigment was found in yellow and green overglaze enamels. The orange hue is obtained by superposing a hematite bearing red paint stroke over the yellow. These results are compared to those previously obtained by detailed OM, SEM, XRD and XRF analyses. Some of the phases identified by XRD (quartz, tridymite) are hardly detected by Raman and vice versa cristobalite was not found by XRD, most probably due to its low amount.