Aufbau einer Versuchsanlage zur katalytischen Spaltung des 9,10‐Dihydroxystearinsäuremethylesters mit Luftsauerstoff

The development of new catalysts for the oxidation of chemical compounds with oxygen as cheap and environmentally oxidant is an important topic of the current research. Due to the risk of the formation of potentially explosive gas mixtures aerobic oxidation reactions have to be performed with consideration of the explosion prevention. A safety concept for aerobic oxidation reactions and the construction of an experimental plant is presented. The oxidative cleavage of methyl 9,10‐dihydroxystearate to azelaic acid methyl ester and pelargonic acid was investigated as a model reaction.     

Explosionstypen und ihre Zuordnung zu Rechtsvorschriften

Types of Explosions and their Relations to Legislative Regulations Explosions in industrial plants and equipments are the result of chemical reactions or physical processes which are connected with a pressure build‐up. Chemical explosions are caused by exothermic reactions in the gas phase, the condensed phase or in hybrid phases. In the chemical industry such physical explosions are of importance, due to a spontaneous transition of matter from the liquid to the gas phase. There are some legislative regulations which concern the explosion prevention and protection. The most important are the Equipment Safety Act and the Explosivs Act with their ordinances; the Ordinance on Dangerous Substances and the Hazardous Incident Ordinances. Important for the protection against explosive atmospheres is the ”?Betriebssicherheitsverordnung”?.     

Die Umsetzung der europäischen Richtlinien zum Explosionsschutz ins deutsche Recht aus Sicht der Anlagenbetreiber

Implementation of the European Directives on Explosion Protection in German Law from the Viewpoint of Operating Companies Explosion protection is being newly regulated at the Community level. European Directive 94/9/EC provides a new legal framework for the marketing of explosion‐protected equipment, components and protective systems and has been in effect now for some time. For the first time, not only electrical but also non‐electrical equipment and autonomous protective systems are included as well. The supplemental European Directive 1999/92/EC, which is directed at plant operators and includes provisions for protecting personnel from potential explosions, has been recently adopted. The aim of the following article is to present the main new terms and regulations of the two directives (without any claim to completeness). Further, the changes in explosion protection applying to operators of plants with sectors having explosion potential are assessed.