Heat pump cycles based on the AF–F transition in Fe–Rh alloys induced by tensile stress

The heat-pumping scheme based on the 1st order antiferromagnetism–ferromagnetism transition induced in FeRh alloy by one-dimensional tensile stress is proposed. Using the model S–T diagram for this alloy, the heat-pump cycles are drawn up based both on the transition latent heat absorption and emission when the transition is induced isothermally and on the change in alloy's temperature when the transition is induced adiabatically by applying tensile stress. The calculated values of heat coefficient φ for the cycles are 30 at ΔT=5 К and 20 at ΔT=10 К, where ΔT is the difference between the temperature surrounding and that of the heat receiver. These values are achieved using the tensile stress of 1·10⁹ Pa. The high values of φ make it possible to consider Fe–Rh alloys near the equiatomic composition as an effective refrigerant for elastocaloric heat-pumping near the room temperature.     

Simultaneous biohydrogen (H2) and bioplastic (poly-β-hydroxybutyrate-PHB) productions under dark,photo, and subsequent dark and photo fermentation utilizing various wastes

The present study is focused on bio hydrogen (H₂) and bioplastic (i.e., poly-β-hydroxybutyrate; PHB) productions utilizing various wastes under dark fermentation, photo fermentation and subsequent dark-photo fermentation. Potential bio H₂ and PHB producing microbes were enriched and isolated. The effects of substrate (rice husk hydrolysate, rice straw hydrolysate, dairy industry wastewater, and rice mill wastewater) concentration (10–100%) and pH (5.5–8.0) were examined in the batch mode under the dark and photo fermentation conditions. Using 100% rice straw hydrolysate at pH 7, the maximum bio H₂ (1.53 ± 0.04 mol H₂/mol glucose) and PHB (9.8 ± 0.14 g/L) were produced under dark fermentation condition by Bacillus cereus. In the subsequent dark-photo fermentation, the highest amounts of bio H₂ and PHB were recorded utilizing 100% rice straw hydrolysate (1.82 ± 0.01 mol H₂/mol glucose and 19.15 ± 0.25 g/L PHB) at a pH of 7.0 using Bacillus cereus (KR809374) and Rhodopseudomonas rutila. The subsequent dark-photo fermentative bio H₂ and PHB productions obtained using renewable biomass (i.e., rice husk hydrolysate and rice straw hydrolysate) can be considered with respect to the sustainable management of global energy sources and environmental issues.     

基于SWA优化级联网络的表情识别方法

为了提高表情识别技术的检测精度,文中提出了一种采用随机权重平均SWA优化级联网络的人脸表情识别方法。与单个卷积网络相比,多网络级联能得到更好的检测精度。相对于传统的SGD训练方法,SWA训练方法能增强级联网络中子网络的泛化能力,进一步提高模型的整体性能。通过在Fer2013数据集上测试实验发现,基于SWA方法训练采用加权求和法方式级联的网络模型识别准确率达到74.478%,相对于传统SGD方法训练的单网络模型提高了1.4%以上。另外,与其他典型方法相比,所提改进模型的识别准确率更高。     

基于高斯函数的池化算法

针对卷积神经网络（CNN）中的传统池化算法不能很好地考虑到池化域内每个元素与该池化域所含特征之间关联性的问题,提出一种基于高斯函数的池化算法。首先根据池化域内各元素的值和所有元素的最大值计算高斯函数的三个参数值,然后运用高斯函数计算池化域内所有元素的权重,最后根据这些权重对池化域内所有元素值计算加权平均值,并以此作为池化结果。选择LeNet5、VGG16、ResNet18和MobileNet v3作为实验模型,在公开数据集CIFAR-10、Fer2013和德国交通标志识别基准（GTSRB）上进行实验,并与最大池化、平均池化、随机池化、混合池化、模糊池化、融合随机池化和soft池化这七种池化算法进行对比。实验结果表明,所提算法在三个数据集上相较其他算法在精度方面均有0.5个百分点到6个百分点的提升,且在运行效率方面优于上述除最大池化和平均池化两种池化算法外的其他池化算法,从而验证所提算法有效且具适合应用于对运算时间要求不高但对精度要求较高的情况。     

Loss of Fer Jeopardizes Metabolic Plasticity and Mitochondrial Homeostasis in Lung and Breast Carcinoma Cells

Metabolic plasticity is a hallmark of the ability of metastatic cancer cells to survive under stressful conditions. The intracellular Fer kinase is a selective constituent of the reprogramed mitochondria and metabolic system of cancer cells. In the current work, we deciphered the modulatory roles of Fer in the reprogrammed metabolic systems of metastatic, lung (H358), non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and breast (MDA-MB-231), triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), carcinoma cells. We show that H358 cells devoid of Fer (H358ΔFer), strictly depend on glucose for their proliferation and growth, and fail to compensate for glucose withdrawal by oxidizing and metabolizing glutamine. Furthermore, glucose deficiency caused increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and induction of a DNA damage response (DDR), accompanied by the onset of apoptosis and attenuated cell-cycle progression. Analysis of mitochondrial function revealed impaired respiratory and electron transport chain (ETC) complex 1 (comp. I) activity in the Fer-deficient H358ΔFer cells. This was manifested by decreased levels of NAD⁺ and ATP and relatively low abundance of tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle metabolites. Impaired electron transport chain comp. I activity and dependence on glucose were also confirmed in Fer-deficient, MDA-MB-231ΔFer cells. Although both H358ΔFer and MDA-MB-231ΔFer cells showed a decreased aspartate level, this seemed to be compensated by the predominance of pyrimidines synthesis over the urea cycle progression. Notably, absence of Fer significantly impeded the growth of H358ΔFer and MDA-MB-231ΔFer xenografts in mice provided with a carb-deficient, ketogenic diet. Thus, Fer plays a key role in the sustention of metabolic plasticity of malignant cells. In compliance with this notion, targeting Fer attenuates the progression of H358 and MDA-MB-231 tumors, an effect that is potentiated by a glucose-restrictive diet.     

Colour properties,stability, and free radical scavenging activity of jambolan (Syzygium cumini) fruit anthocyanins in a beverage model system: Natural and copigmented anthocyanins

The colour and stability properties of jambolan anthocyanins, both natural and copigmented forms, were investigated in beverage model as well as their radical scavenging ability. Natural anthocyanins of jambolan revealed low colour intensity due to glycosylation structure of the anthocyanins as diglucoside. The intermolecular copigmentation of anthocyanins with sinapic acid, caffeic acid, ferulic acid, and rosemary polyphenolic extract could enhance the colour intensity, which was observed through spectrometric parameters, such as hyperchromic effect (ΔA_vis-max) and bathochromic shift (Δλ_vis-max). In addition of sinapic acid, caffeic acid, and rosemary polyphenolics also increased the stability of the anthocyanin colour during exposure to white fluorescent light and storage at refrigeration and room temperatures, whereas on high thermal treatments, this phenomenon was not observed. Furthermore, beverage model coloured with natural or copigmented anthocyanins revealed DPPH radical-scavenging activity. The AEAC values indicated that the beverage models with copigmented anthocyanins had higher scavenging activity than the beverage with natural anthocyanins.