谷氨酰胺(Gln)活性肽营养液的研究进展

对G1n小肽在氨基酸营养液中的使用以及G1n小肽的稳定性和代谢机制进行了论述。G1n是一种“条件必需氨基酸”，但Cln的水溶液不稳定，因而在氨基酸输液或氨基酸营养被中，用G1n小肽代替G1n单体使用。G1n小肽含有取代的α—NH2，使Cln小肽的稳定性大大增加。     

赖氨酸与谷氨酰胺在谷氨酰胺转胺酶作用下的交联反应

本文研究了赖氨酸与谷氨酰胺在谷氨酰胺转胺酶催化下的交联反应。探讨了底物比、加酶量、pH值、反应温度和反应时间对聚合度的影响。利用Design-Expert6.0.3软件优化得出交联反应的最佳工艺条件为底物比2.15、加酶量14.39U/g、pH值8.0、温度42℃和反应时间94min。同时,分析了各因素之间的交互效应。     

Contribution of amino acids to strawberry fruit quality and their relevance as stress indicators under NaCl salinity

Strawberry cvs Korona and Elsanta, differing in their sensitivity to salt stress, were exposed to 0, 40, or 80 mM NaCl in the root medium from the end of April to mid-August. Although fruits of both cultivars contained comparable amounts of Na⁺ and Cl⁻, fruit quality was more impaired in cv. Elsanta, as indicated by the larger reductions of fruit size and sugar/acid ratios. Malondialdehyde levels started to rise significantly at 40 mM NaCl in the more sensitive cv. Elsanta, but at 80 mM in cv. Korona. Total amino acid levels, especially contents of essential amino acids, rose significantly in both cvs. Salt stress also increased contents of free proline, asparagine, and glutamine. Their increases may contribute to osmotic adjustment. The results of the present study favour the interpretation that elevated levels of proline, asparagine and glutamine are indicative of salt stress damage.     

谷氨酰胺转氨酶介导的荞麦蛋白-花生蛋白交联及其功能特性研究

该文以谷氨酰胺转氨酶（TGase）为交联酶制剂,对荞麦蛋白与花生蛋白进行交联,通过单因素试验对两种蛋白的比例、总蛋白质浓度、TG酶添加量、交联温度、交联时间和pH进行了参数优化,并研究了最佳交联工艺条件下制备得到的交联产物的功能特性。结果表明,荞麦蛋白与花生蛋白的质量比1:1 (g:g)、总蛋白浓度4%、加酶量1.25%、反应温度40℃、反应时间120 min、pH 8.0时的交联反应效果最佳,交联度为63.1%。功能特性测定结果表明,与未交联的蛋白质相比,交联后的蛋白质的持水性、持油性和乳化稳定性有所提高,但乳化性、起泡性和起泡稳定性降低;在pH 3~12范围,交联蛋白质的溶解度逐渐升高,尤其在pI 4.0处,溶解度提高最为显著。     

Alteration of ADP-ribosylation in aging rat brain astrocytes

DNA damage and the enzyme poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) associated with the pathogenesis of numerous age-related neurodegenerative disorders. Astrocytes play crucial roles in both support metabolic functions and cell viability of the brain. PARP regulates DNA damage and repair in the brain cells. In this study PARP activity and DNA strand break were investigated in the astrocytes isolated from young and aged rat brain. Three and 30-month-old rats were killed by decapitation and brains were removed onto an ice cooled glass plate. Astrocytes were isolated by sucrose density gradient centrifugation and glutamine synthetase (GS) served as a marker of the astrocytes lineage. The specific activity of PARP was assayed in permeabilized cells by measuring the incorporation of the ADPribose moiety of [3H]NAD into the nuclear acceptor proteins. The rate of DNA strand breaks was determined using a fluorescent dye and monitored spectrofluorimetry. An increase (about 75%) in the PARP activity was observed in the whole homogenates of aged rats, whereas this rise was more pronounced (about 360%) when the reaction was measured in the purified astrocyte preparations. The amount of DNA strand breaks was also higher in the astrocytes isolated from the aged brain as compared to that of young levels. The close relationship between the level of DNA strand breaks and PARP activity in the astrocytes suggest that these cells are susceptible to the metabolic alterations in aging. It is concluded that the astrocytes PARP might be considered as a therapeutic target for combating age related neurodegenerative disorders.     

不同蛋白含量大豆品种氮代谢关键酶活性及叶片氮同化物含量变化

以高蛋白野生大豆、普通野生大豆和栽培大豆为材料,研究大豆籽粒蛋白质含量与各生育期叶片谷氨酰胺合成酶活性（GSA）、硝酸还原酶活性（NRA）以及叶片不同氮同化物含量之间的关系。结果表明：高蛋白野生大豆在V6期到R8期的NRA、R3期开始各个时期的GSA都明显高于其它品种。R3期以外的其它各生育期,高蛋白野生大豆可溶性蛋白含量高于其它品种。叶片游离氨基酸含量则表现为R2期之前野生大豆高于栽培大豆,R2期及以后各个时期又明显低于栽培大豆。籽粒蛋白质含量与R3期到R8期的NRA以及R3、R8期的GSA呈正相关关系。V3期可溶性蛋白质含量和V6期游离氨基酸含量与籽粒蛋白质含量呈正相关。叶片硝态氮含量与籽粒蛋白质含量没有相关性。     

模拟移动床连续离子交换法提取L-谷氨酰胺的工艺研究

L-谷氨酰胺是人体必需氨基酸之一，在医药食品等领域有着广泛的应用。目前，发酵法生产L-谷氨酰胺的提取工艺采用的离子交换方法树脂利用率低，生产周期长，酸碱用量大。模拟移动床（Simulated Moving Bed）连续离子交换技术是一种先进高效的分离方法，采用此方法分离提纯谷氨酰胺发酵液将产生极大的经济效益和社会效益。     

谷氨酰胺及其二肽的营养生理研究进展

谷氨酰胺（Ｇｌｎ）因其对人和动物的重要生理作用而引起广泛关注,大量的证据表明谷氨酰胺是一种十分重要的具有特殊营养作用的条件必需氨基酸。但由于它的不稳定性及低溶解度,使其应用受到限制,谷氨酰胺二肽克服了它的缺点并可被分解为氨基酸而被利用,且无任何毒副作用和不良反应。综述了谷氨酰胺及其二肽的营养生理作用研究进展。     

Effects of pH and NaCl on hydrolysis and transpeptidation activities of a salt-tolerant γ-glutamyltranspeptidase from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens S0904

Food Science and Biotechnology - Bacillus amyloliquefaciens S0904 was selected as a hyperproducer of a glutamine-hydrolyzing enzyme which was identified as a γ-glutamyltranspeptidase...