盐酸克林霉素合成工艺改进

采用新工艺合成克林霉素,流程短,收率高,重量收率比传统工艺提高了21.55个百分点,可达88.0%,产品质量符合中国药典2000版标准.     

Colorectal cancer targeted Irinotecan-Assam Bora rice starch based microspheres: a mechanistic,pharmacokinetic and biochemical investigation

The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the colon-targeted Irinotecan Hydrochloride (ITC-HCl) loaded microspheres by pharmacokinetic and biochemical studies. The microspheres were prepared by double emulsion solvent evaporation method with natural polymer Assam Bora rice starch. The microspheres were characterized for their micromeritics properties, incorporation efficiency, in vitro and in vivo drug release studies. The release study confirmed the insignificant release of ITC-HCl in physiological condition of stomach and small intestine and major drug release in the caecal content. In vivo release study of the optimized microsphere was compared with immediate release (IR) ITC-HCl. ITC-HCl was distributed predominantly in the upper GI tract from the IR, whereas ITC-HCl was distributed primarily to the lower part of GI tract from the microspheres formulation. Enhanced levels of liver enzymes were found in animals given IR ITC-HCl as well as augmented levels of serum albumin, creatinine, leucocytopenia and thrombocytopenia was also observed. In summary, Assam Bora rice starch microspheres exhibit slow and extended release of ITC-HCl over longer periods of time with reduced systemic side-effects.     

盐酸沙格雷酯的合成

以2-((3-甲氧基)苯乙基)苯酚为起始物料,与环氧氯丙烷进行酚醚化反应得到[[2-[2-(3-甲氧基)苯乙基]苯氧基]甲基]环氧乙烷,与二甲胺进行氨化反应得到1-二甲胺基-3-[2-[2-(3-甲氧基)苯乙基]苯氧基]-2-丙醇,再与丁二酸酐在有机溶剂中进行酯化反应得到沙格雷酯,最后通入氯化氢气体成盐即可制得盐酸沙格雷酯,总收率约67%。     

高效液相色谱法测定小儿氨酚烷胺颗粒中对乙酰氨基酚的含量

建立了高效液相色谱法测定小儿氨酚烷胺颗粒中对乙酰氨基酚的方法。采用Eclipse XDB-C18色谱柱(4.6mm×150 mm,5μm),以甲醇—水(40：60)为流动相,流速为1.0 mL·min-1,检测波长为275 nm,进样量为20μL。结果表明,对乙酰氨基酚浓度在5.84～58.4μg·mL-1范围内与峰面...     

盐酸克伦特罗时间分辨荧光免疫检测方法的建立

采用时间分辨荧光免疫分析(TRFIA)技术建立快速、高灵敏度的盐酸克伦特罗(CLB)全自动检测方法。以CLB-OVA包被96微孔板作为固相抗原,与游离CLB竞争限量的以Eu3+标记的抗CLB单克隆抗体,建立解离增强模式的荧光免疫分析体系检测CLB。该方法的灵敏度为0.03ng/mL,批内和批间变异系数分别为2.0%和8.9%,平均回收率为105.8%,与沙丁胺醇、莱克多巴胺的交叉反应率分别为0.96%和0.77%,结果表明,用TRFIA法检测CLB,灵敏度高、特异性强、稳定性好,具有良好的应用前景。     

盐酸胍中微量砷的光度测定

通过试验认为盐酸胍的存在对红色银胶体吸收曲线、锌用量、反应时间和有色物的稳定性等均无影响 ,并建立了二乙基二硫代氨基甲酸银法测定盐酸胍中微量砷含量的方法。测定 4次生物级盐酸胍中砷的质量分数平均值为 0 12× 10 - 6 ,相对标准偏差为 15 %。当样品中砷的质量分数为 0 5× 10 - 6 和 1 0× 10 - 6 时 ,测定 4次所得标准偏差分别为 8%和 5 %。     

抗胆碱药盐酸环喷托酯的合成

探索抗胆碱药盐酸环喷托酯的合成工艺。该工艺以苯乙酸钠为原料，经两步化学反应得到目标产品，总产率约５０％。     

N,N-二甲基-3-氯丙胺盐酸盐的相转移催化合成

以1,3-溴氯丙烷和33%二甲胺水溶液为原料,PEG-600为相转移催化剂进行烷基化反应得到了N,N-二甲基-3-氯丙胺盐酸盐,考察了相转移催化剂用量、二甲胺水溶液与1,3-溴氯丙烷摩尔比、反应温度和反应时间等因素对产率的影响。确定适宜反应条件为:n(二甲胺水溶液)∶n(1,3-溴氯丙烷)=1.2,PEG-600 2.0 g,反应时间4 h,反应温度为35~40℃,产率可达73.7%。     

Efficiency and Mechanism of Ciprofloxacin Hydrochloride Degradation in Wastewater by Fe3o4/Na2S2O8

ABSTRACT

The nanosized Fe₃O₄ catalyst was synthesized via a modified reverse coprecipitation method and characterized by means of a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and an X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis instrument. The degradation efficiency and reaction rate of Fe₃O₄ in activating sodium persulfate used to degrade ciprofloxacin were determined from the catalyst dosage, oxidant concentration, and initial pH. The results showed that under the optimum conditions of a catalyst dosage of 2.0 g·L^?1, a sodium persulfate concentration of 1.0 g·L^?1, and an initial pH of 7, the degradation rate of ciprofloxacin was 93.73%, the removal rate of total organic carbon was 78%, and the first-order reaction constant was 0.06907 min^?1 within 40 min. It was also demonstrated that the reactive oxygen species in the Fe₃O₄/sodium persulfate catalytic system were mainly composed of SO₄^– and supplemented by OH· and HO₂· using probe compounds such as ethanol, tertiary butanol, and benzoquinone.     

Synthesis,characterization, and drug release properties of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) gels prepared in methanol–water cononsolvent medium

Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) hydrogels were simply prepared by free radical polymerization in different methanol–water mixture. A scanning electron microscopy study revealed that the freeze-dried hydrogels were macroporous. The swelling ratios in water at 20°C of the resulting hydrogels followed the order: X_0.43>X_0.21>X_0.76 ≈ X_0.57>X_0.31>X_0.13>X_0.06>X₀, where X_m denotes a gel prepared in a methanol–water mixture with m mole fraction of methanol (x_m). Below the lower critical solution temperature, the swelling ratio values of all of the hydrogels gradually decreased with the increase in the temperature. The complete collapse of the PNIPAM chain of all the gels occurred at about 38°C, whereas the same was observed at about 35°C for the conventional gel prepared in water. The swelling ratio values of all the PNIPAM gels in the methanol–water mixtures with different x_m values at 20°C passed through a minimum in the cononsolvency zone. The deswelling rates of the hydrogels decreased in the following order: X_0.43> X_0.31> X_0.21> X_0.57> X_0.76 ≈ X_0.13> X_0.06> X₀. The reswelling rates of these hydrogels decreased in the following order: X₀> X_0.31> X_0.06 ≈ X_0.13 > X_0.76> X_0.57> X_0.21> X_0.43. The release rates of the Tramadol Hydrochloride drug at 37°C from the drug-loaded hydrogels were almost same for all of the hydrogels. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012