Evaluation of expanded gamut software solutions for spot color reproduction

Expanded gamut printing is an approach in color reproduction that expands the color gamut of conventional CMYK printing processes via the use of additional colorants, such as Orange, Green, and Violet inks. This study evaluates the ability of commercial color management software to create an accurate solution for an expanded gamut printing system. In this study, two printing processes were used, an Epson SureColor P9000 inkjet printer/proofer and an HP Indigo 7900 digital production press, both with 7-color expanded gamut ink sets. Software solutions from Alwan, CGS ORIS, ColorLogic, GMG Color, Heidelberg, and Kodak were evaluated. The systems were tested to see how well they could reproduce the colors in the entire PANTONE+ Solid Coated spot color library. It is shown that the solutions are able to reproduce 89% to 94% of the spot colors on the Epson P9000 inkjet printer and 77% to 87% of the library on the Indigo 7900, both to less than two CIEDE2000 (a typical tolerance in label and packaging work). The number of color patches in expanded gamut characterization test charts was noted, as this is still an area of proprietary, nonstandardized working practice. There are many different colorant combinations that can make the same color in expanded gamut printing. The ink build created by the different software solutions was studied, as it relates to press stability through appropriate choice of colorants. Pantone and Adobe provide everyday commercial tools for expanded color workflows. The study identified some issues with products from these companies that could confuse a less-skilled user in a busy production environment. The conclusion of the study is that expanded gamut solutions for spot color printing produce totally acceptable results for digital printing processes; expanded gamut printing is ready, here and now. The findings show that expanded gamut printing can replace cumbersome conventional spot color workflows creating considerable savings and advantages, especially for label and packaging printers.     

企业竞争能力评估的灰靶分析--中国5家保险公司1999-2002年的一个实证

从创新评价、绩效评价和客户评价三个方面选取8项指标,以建立保险公司竞争力评估指标体系,并对其极性进行定义;用国内5家寿险公司2002年有关指标数据作为横截面数据,进行灰理论的靶心度分析,计算出排序情况.依此,分别得出1999年至2002年的基本情况.实证分析的结果显示,对于保险公司而言,规模大小与竞争力强弱并非正相关.     

基于ICC标准的彩色扫描仪色彩检测及标定

对彩色扫描仪的 ICC Profile文件结构进行了详细的分析 ,给出了建立扫描仪 ICC Profile文件的矩阵模型和查表模型 ,提出了使用 IT8.7/ 2色靶、最小二乘回归法和多项式的方法求解模型中的系数的方法。最后给出了实验结果 ,表明建立的ICC Profile文件能够满足实际的需要     

ICC高级语言编程及其在液晶显示中的应用

采用美国ImageCraft公司的基于AVR的C语言高级编译器ICC AVR，开发了基于ATMEGA32为核心的高压测控系统，详细介绍了在系统开发中使用ICC编程的特点和它在开发AVR时相对于汇编语言的高效性。并介绍了对TRULY公司液晶显示模块进行显示控制的实例，验证了ICC在实际应用中的强大和快捷。     

Optimisation of solar-hydrogen power system for household applications

A numerical method was developed for optimising solar–hydrogen energy system to supply renewable energy for typical household connected with the grid. The considered case study involved household located in Diyala Governorate, Iraq. The solar–hydrogen energy system was designed to meet the desired electrical load and increase the renewable energy fraction using optimum fuel cell capacity. The simulation process was conducted by MATLAB based on the experimental data for electrical load, solar radiation and ambient temperature at a 1-min time-step resolution. Results demonstrated that the optimum fuel cell capacity was approximately 2.25 kW at 1.8 kW photovoltaic power system based on the average of the daily energy consumption of 6.8 kWh. The yearly renewable energy fraction increased from 31.82% to 95.82% due to the integration of the photovoltaic system with a 2.25 kW fuel cell used as a robust energy storage unit. In addition, the energy supply, which is the economic aspect for the optimum system, levelised electricity cost by approximately $0.195/kWh. The obtained results showed that the proposed numerical analysis methodology offers a distinctive property that can be used effectively to optimise hybrid renewable energy systems.     

UV inactivation and resistance of rotavirus evaluated by integrated cell culture and real-time RT-PCR assay

Rotaviruses are double-stranded RNA viruses which are among the most resistant waterborne enteric viruses to UV disinfection. An integrated cell culture and real-time RT-PCR (ICC real-time RT-PCR) assay was developed to detect the infectivity of rotaviruses in water, which uses real-time RT-PCR to detect RNA produced by infectious rotaviruses during replication in host cells. Detection of rotaviral RNA in host cells provides direct evidence of the presence of infectious rotavirus rather than just the presence of rotavirus RNA. Using this newly developed method, the inactivation and resistance of rotavirus to UV treatments at various doses was evaluated. With an initial concentration of 2 × 10⁴ PFU/ml simian rotavirus (SA11), a first-order linear relationship was obtained at UV dose range of 0-120 mJ cm⁻², and the inactivation rate constant was estimated to be 0.0343 cm² mJ⁻¹ (R² = 0.966). The dose-inactivation curve tailed off and reached plateau as the UV dose increased from 120 to 360 mJ cm⁻², indicating resistance phenomena of sub-populations of SA11 at very high UV doses. A maximal reduction of 4.8 log₁₀ was observed. Through parallel comparison with traditional culture assay, the ICC real-time RT-PCR method demonstrated more effective, sensitive and faster infectivity detection of rotavirus and, the results reveal that rotaviruses are more resistant to UV irradiation than previously reported with traditional cell culture assays.     

LCD显示器颜色特性文件质量分析

论述了分析显示器颜色特性文件质量的方法,提出了从采样点色差和颜色查找表的光滑性2个方面对其进行评估的思路,并通过编程和分析实验数据加以验证.     

动态设备关联特性文件颜色模式转换精度评价

为评估和比较最新的基于动态设备关联特性文件的“动态黑成分最大化” (Dynamic K)与基于设备关联特性文件的“最大灰成分替代”(Max GCR)、基于ICC设备特性文件的“参考颜色空间(PCS)转换”在颜色模式转换中的效果,通过实验模拟的方法来测试这3种转换方法的颜色模式转换精度、印刷墨量以及印刷的稳定性.结果表明基于动态设备关联特性文件的“动态黑成分最大化”在颜色模式转换方面,不仅能与其他两种方法达到相同的转换精度,节省更多彩色油墨,且提高了印刷稳定性,是值得推广的在两种CMYK模式设备间进行颜色模式转换的好方法.     

基于ICC色彩管理的1-bit TIFF在数码打样中的应用

以胶印印刷样张为仿真打样对象,建立标准ICC Profile文件,推导了印刷系统与数码打样系统之间的色域映射关系,并反馈到数码打样系统中进行修正,重新进行色域匹配和二次验证,确保了印刷样张与数码样张的一致性。结果表明,通过选择性校色对打样ICC Profile特征文件进行编辑校正,能将色差降低到打样的要求,且RIP后打样能模拟出龟纹、补露白等,提高了印刷追样的可行性。     

颜色管理技术在印刷中的应用与发展

基于颜色管理技术是现代印刷科技发展的核心支撑技术之一,按照其在印刷中的应用与发展脉络,将其划分为ICC颜色管理技术、色貌模型的颜色管理技术、光谱的颜色管理与复制技术