Hydrogen wettability of clays: Implications for underground hydrogen storage

This study investigates the ability of hydrogen (H₂) to wet clay surfaces in the presence of brine, with implications for underground hydrogen storage in clay-containing reservoirs. Rather than measuring contact angles directly with hydrogen gas, a suite of other gases (carbon dioxide (CO₂), argon (Ar), nitrogen (N₂), and helium (He)) were employed in the gas-brine-clay system under storage conditions (moderate temperature (333 K) and high pressures (5, 10, 15, and 20 MPa)), characteristic of a subsurface environment with a shallow geothermal gradient. By virtue of analogies to H₂ and empirical correlations, wettabilities of hydrogen on three clay surfaces were mathematically derived and interpreted. The three clays were kaolinite, illite, and montmorillonite and represent 1:1, 2:1 non-expansive, and 2:1 expansive clay groups, respectively. All clays showed water-wetting behaviour with contact angles below 40° under all experimental set-ups. It follows that the presence of clays in the reservoir (or caprock) is conducive to capillary and/or residual trapping of the gas. Another positive inference is that any tested gas, particularly nitrogen, is suitable as cushion gas to maintain formation pressure during hydrogen storage because they all turned out to be more gas-wetting than hydrogen on the clay surfaces; this allows easier displacement and/or retrieval of hydrogen during injection/production. One downside of the predominant water wettability of the clays is the upstaged role of biogeochemical reactions at the wetted brine-clay/silicate interface and their potential to affect porosity and permeability. Water-wetting decreased from kaolinite as most water-wetting clay over illite to montmorillonite as most hydrogen-wetting clay. Their wetting behaviour is consistent with molecular dynamic modelling that establishes that the accessible basal plane of kaolinite's octahedral sheet is highly hydrophilic and enables strong hydrogen bonds whereas the same octahedral sheet in illite and montmorillonite is not accessible to the brine, rendering these clays less water-wetting.     

热解样品分析中重量的变化及其影响

热解除油是目前室内岩心分析中样品除油的主要方法之一，但由于热解温度较高，会对样品中粘土矿物的结构水和层间水产生较大的影响。本文结合粘土矿物的吸水特性，通过对大量的实验测定结果分析后认为：经过热解处理后的样品，在测定过程中受粘土矿物（主要是伊利石和蒙脱石）层间水变化的影响，会引起样品重量及样品孔隙空间体积的变化，从而对物性分析中孔隙度测定结果产生较大的影响。     

Effects of residual concentration of collector CTAC on flotation behavior of illite

ABSTRACT

In present study, illite flotation behavior with Cetyl Trimethyl Ammonium Chloride (CTAC) as the collector has been studied to investigate the effects of its residual concentration on froth stability and flotation. Results showed that, with increasing conditioning time, the residual concentration (frother concentration) and froth height decreased simultaneously, while the adsorbed amount (particle hydrophobicity) increased. Increasing CTAC conditioning time decreased the residual concentration in solutions, resulting in poor froth stability and flotation recovery at high pH; the adsorption rate of CTAC on illite surface was relatively high at higher pH due to strong electrostatic mechanism, making CTAC residual concentration decrease.     

伊利石/聚丙烯酸钠高吸水复合材料的制备及表征

采用水溶液聚合法制得伊利石/聚丙烯酸钠高吸水复合性材料。在优化工艺条件下,产品吸自来水倍率可达285.7,吸盐水倍率可达79.7。并用偏光显微镜、红外光谱仪对复合材料进行了表征。     

The change of phase composition in kaolinite- and illite-rich clay-based ceramic bodies

Raw material for ceramics consists mainly of kaolinite, illite, quartz and feldspar. Three representative clays, a high kaolinitic (HB), illitic- and quartz-rich (KW) and naturally mixed kaolinite–illite (P1) clays of Westerwald area, were chosen for this study [Kromer, H., 1980. Tertiary clays in the Westerwald area. Geol. Jb. D. Rhei D Hanover, 69–84]. The largest and oldest clay mining area of Germany is in the Westerwald area. These clays were mixed with each other and also with K, and Ca–Na feldspar. The high temperature phases of the mixed bodies were of three groups: crystalline phase, amorphous/glassy phase and porosity.The aim of this study was to determine: (1) the effect of kaolinite–illite–quartz ratios, (2) the effect of heat treatment and (3) the effect of feldspar on the fired mineralogy of the fired products. The crystalline phases are cristobalite, mullite, quartz, hematite and anatase. The bodies consist of crystalline phases such as quartz, mullite and cristobalite in a composite structure where crystals and pores are often embedded in amorphous/glassy phase. The formation of mullite and cristobalite is very distinctive in kaolinitic clay, and the structure is dominated by the spiky primary mullite. In the illite/sericite-rich mixtures, the high K content causes a large amount of melt superimposed on the mullite formation. The cristobalite formation is completely suppressed in illite/sericite-rich bodies. After dehydroxylation, metakaolinite and illite/sericite anhydride structures are formed. The persistence of illite/sericite anhydride peaks above 950 °C in KW clay indicates the presence of sericite/muscovite mineral. The disappearance temperatures and firing behaviour of K and Ca–Na feldspar observed within the XRD patterns of mixed bodies are different. K feldspar lines disappear earlier in HB bodies than in KW bodies, but Ca–Na feldspar shows a reverse behaviour. While Ca–Na feldspar peak intensity gradually decreases but persists at 1150–1250 °C, K feldspar suddenly disappears at 1150 °C.     

湖北绿泥石、伊利石、多孔硅质岩应用途径探索

本文概述了随州、南漳、京山等地绿泥石粘土、伊利石粘土、多孔硅质岩的一般特征,并探索了这三种矿产的应用途径:绿泥石粘土可作为“榻榻米”席草的染土;伊利石粘土为硅质原料合成轻质保温材料——托贝莫来石型微孔硅酸钙,以伊利石粘土为主要原料可烧制轻质建筑陶粒、伊利石粘土还可用作橡胶填料;以多孔硅质岩为硅质原料可合成微孔硅酸钙。这些探索研究为今后开发利用这几种矿产提供了依据。     

伊利石软岩铁路隧道开挖的有限元分析

针对伊利石软岩中单线铁路隧道的开挖特点,采用弹塑性、非线性和大变形的力学模型及岩土工程中常用的DruckerPrager准则,运用ANSYS软件进行数值分析,并从伊利石软岩的位移、应力角度出发,得出伊利石软岩的力学特性、滑动特性以及要加强对边墙部位支护的结论。     

粘土矿物研究中的若干问题

在新认识水平的基础上,对粘土矿物X射线衍射定量分析、混层粘土矿物的混层比计算及蒙脱石向伊利石转化的模式进行了讨论。着重指出了:对粘土矿物X射线衍射峰积分强度的影响因素和如何提高X射线衍射定量分析的准确度,通过用Δ2θ和衍射峰位移估计混层比的方法,以及Mac Ewan微晶模式、基本粒子模式、分凝模式和两相固溶体模式来模拟蒙脱石向伊利石转化过程中的优缺点。     

Physico-chemical variation in bentonite by sulfuric acid activation

The physico-chemical behavior of Iranian typical bentonite was characterized during the activation process by sulfuric acid. The main variations were studied by evaluating specific surface area, chemical and mineralogical composition, thermal gravimetric curves, Fourier transform infrared spectrometry pattern, and morphology of starting and activated samples. The effects of acid concentration, particle size distribution, activation temperature and time on specific surface area were discussed. It was found that the above parameters have significant role in the activation process. The optimum condition was also obtained for the activation of typical bentonite.     

元宝山北方红土崩解性灾害的防治对策

实验表明，元宝山红土含有伊－蒙混层矿物，孔隙－裂隙结构，超固结性，干时坚硬，遇水崩解的特征，是造成工程灾害的原因．采用改良红土性质或用覆盖法处理，可消除崩解特性，从而保证了工程建筑物的安全