Inhibition of microbial growth in ready‐to‐eat food stored at ambient temperature by modified atmosphere packaging

This study was undertaken to develop a modified atmosphere package to control microbial growth in ready‐to‐eat (RTE) products stored at ambient temperature. Ethanol and/or limonene associated with modified atmosphere (CO₂ : O₂ : N₂ = 30% : 5% : 65%) was used to inhibit the growth of total air‐borne microorganisms and Escherichia coli in RTE products stored at 25°C. The results indicated that 0.05% ethanol vapour in the headspace was effective to inhibit the growth of air‐borne microorganisms and E. coli at 25°C for 72 h in a model study, and the effectiveness was related to ethanol content. Both 73 ppm limonene and 0.05% ethanol vapour enhanced the bacteriostatic effect of modified atmosphere in RTE sushi roll products, and no off‐flavour was detected using this formulated gas; however, no significant inhibitory effect was observed for RTE cold noodle products. This study concludes that combinations of carbon dioxide, ethanol or limonene vapours are effective to inhibit microbial growth in RTE food at ambient temperature, and the outcome may be due to the hurdle effect. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

农业重组微生物生物安全研究进展

综述了近年来农业重组微生物的研究现状和进展 ,详细介绍农业重组微生物环境释放的监控方法以及对环境的冲击作用 ,对一些有关生物安全研究的热点问题进行了探讨     

国内外微生物采油技术综述

生物技术特别是微生物采油技术，已经引起了石油工程技术人员的空前关注，目前在国内外开展的微生物采油先导性矿场试验已初见成效，较为典型的当数美国和俄罗斯，我国的吉林、胜利等油田也进行了矿场试验，增油效果令人鼓舞。同时，随着科学技术的发展，一些先进的微生物学研究工具已经进入微生物采油技术的研究领域，如分子生物学、示踪剂及可视化技术等已经成为微生物采油机理研究的重要工具。相关的石油烃降解理论以及建立数学模型等也取得了系列成果。微生物采油的应用也从过去的单井处理逐渐向整个区块或油田发展，并见到了明显效果。     

简述空调环境微生物传播及防治

简要论述了一般空调环境下的主要微生物种类及其主要传播方式，分析了影响其传播的因素，同时介绍了现在常用的防治方法，提出了一些改进的意见。     

活性污泥生物相对污水处理运行的指导作用

污水处理系统处理效果的好坏都与污水处理系统中组成活性污泥的微生物种类、数量及其代谢活力有关,本文从活性污泥结构、微生物种类、数量及活性等方面分析了污泥生物相与运行状态的相互关系.说明了可通过对污水处理系统的生物相观察了解处理效果及运行状况,也可通过对污泥生物相观察发现处理系统环境的变化,及时调整运行环境,预防污水处理系统的运行中的异常情况发生.     

Immobilized α-amylase from Bacillus licheniformis: a potential enzymic time—temperature integrator for thermal processing

Biphasic and nth-order models were tested as to their usefulness to fit experimental inactivation data of Bacillus licheniformis α-amylase, immobilized on glass beads, and were discussed with respect to their suitability to characterize the considered enzymic system as a time—temperature integrator (TTI) to evaluate heat processes. Both isothermal and non-isothermal inactivation experiments were carried out. Model (kinetic) parameters (rate constant k, activation energy E_A and reaction order n) were estimated using a non-linear regression procedure. The results obtained, especially the activation energy of about 293 kJ mole^–1, indicated a potential use of this system as a TTI for heating processes in the temperature range of 96–108°C.     

Enzymatic biodiesel production: Technical and economical considerations

It is well documented in the literature that enzymatic processing of oils and fats for biodiesel is technically feasible. However, with very few exceptions, enzyme technology is not currently used in commercial‐scale biodiesel production. This is mainly due to non‐optimized process design and a lack of available cost‐effective enzymes. The technology to re‐use enzymes has typically proven insufficient for the processes to be competitive. However, literature data documenting the productivity of enzymatic biodiesel together with the development of new immobilization technology indicates that enzyme catalysts can become cost effective compared to chemical processing. This work reviews the enzymatic processing of oils and fats into biodiesel with focus on process design and economy.     

间作下根际微生物控制土传病害的研究进展

为了解根际微生物在间作模式下有效控制土传病害的作用和机理,综述了间作系统对于根际微生物群落结构和代谢功能的影响,介绍了间作作物组合、作物品种选择和间作方式对根际微生物群落的影响,并从养分和宿主感染位点竞争、生防微生物的拮抗作用、植物化感自毒作用的缓解以及植物诱导系统抗性四个方面总结了与根际微生物相关的间作抗病机理。最后,讨论了现阶段间作抗病研究的局限性并对今后的研究方向进行了展望。     

非均相固定化酶促反应中“抗激发互交作用”的解析分析与定量计算

通过理论推导证明：在外扩散与化学抑制共存的非均相固定化酶促反应中，总有效系数η为外扩散有效系数ηｄｉｆ和化学抑制有效系数ηｃｈ的乘积，并且分别小于相应的ηｄｉｆ和ηｃｈ；从数学上解释了外扩散抑制和一般性化学抑制间所存在的“抗激发互交作用”。利用所得公式计算表明：底物浓度对外扩散与竞争性、非竞争性和反竞争性等不同化学抑制共存的非均相固定化酶促反应有明显不同的影响；扩散抑制均显著地影响非均相固定化酶促反应，使得反应体系的总有效系数随抑制作用的增加而明显减小，从而对这类反应有了更进一步的认识     

固定化酵母的双底物乙醇连续发酵

固定化酵母的双底物乙醇连续发酵邓旭，郑重鸣，岑沛霖，谢熠（浙江大学化工系二次资源实验室，杭州３１００２７）关键词：固定化酵母，酒精，发酵１前言固定化细胞发酵有着许多游离细胞发酵所不能比拟的优点，如减少细胞流失、增大菌体对外部条件如温度和ｐＨ值的抵抗能...