储罐中缓蚀剂的应用方法

缓蚀技术是减轻石油化学工业中各类油、气、水储罐内腐蚀的有效方法,但国内目前应用尚不普遍,原因之一是尚未找到较适宜的加入方法,使缓蚀剂的应用可以经济地和长时间地起作用,本文综述了储罐内缓蚀剂的各种应用技术,重点介绍在涂层中加缓蚀剂的技术,基于其溶解性或离子置换特性,在实际使用时缓蚀剂可持久、稳定地释放出来。这后一类技术可能是在储罐内应用缓蚀剂的最好方式之一。     

含H2S井完井液用除硫剂和缓蚀剂

含H_2S井完井液对井下金属管串具有腐蚀性。采用锌基或铁基螯合物除硫剂及咪唑啉缓蚀剂可有效地防止这种腐蚀的发生。本文对H_2S的腐蚀、除硫剂和缓蚀剂产品及其对产层的损害作了介绍与探讨。     

注高温热水管线缓蚀,阻垢实验研究

针对辽河油田高凝油区块注高温热水(85—95℃)引起的腐蚀、结垢,开展了室内和现场缓蚀、阻垢试验;分析了不同温度下注水的腐蚀情况,对比、考察了不同的缓蚀剂、阻垢剂及其复配物,得出了如下认识:在注高温热水条件下直接采用常温下使用的防腐蚀、防垢方法是不可行的,必须有针对性地进行高温条件下防腐蚀、防垢的实验研究工作。     

Proteomic profile of differentially expressed plasma proteins from dystrophic mice and following suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid treatment

Purpose: Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors (DI) ameliorates dystrophic muscle regeneration restoring muscular strength in the mdx mouse model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). The further development of these compounds as drugs for DMD treatment is currently hampered by the lack of knowledge about DIs effect in large dystrophic animal models and that of suitable biomarkers to monitor their efficacy. Experimental design: In this study we applied proteomic analysis to identify differentially expressed proteins present in plasma samples from mdx mice treated with the Suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) and relative normal controls (WT). Results: Several differentially expressed proteins were identified between untreated wild type and mdx mice. Among these, fibrinogen, epidermal growth factor 2 receptor, major urinary protein and glutathione peroxidase 3 (GPX3) were constitutively up‐regulated in mdx, while complement C3, complement C6, gelsolin, leukaemia inhibitory factor receptor (LIFr), and alpha 2 macroglobulin were down‐regulated compared to WT mice. SAHA determined the normalization of LIFr and GPX3 protein level while apoliprotein E was de novo up‐regulated in comparison to vehicle‐treated mdx mice. Conclusions and clinical relevance: Collectively, these data unravel potential serological disease biomarkers of mdx that could be useful to monitor muscular dystrophy response to DI treatment.     

Biological abatement of inhibitors in rice hull hydrolyzate and fermentation to ethanol using conventional and engineered microbes

Microbial inhibitors arise from lignin, hemicellulose, and degraded sugar during pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass. The fungus Coniochaeta ligniaria NRRL30616 has native ability to metabolize a number of these compounds, including furan and aromatic aldehydes known to act as inhibitors toward relevant fermenting microbes. In this study, C. ligniaria was used to metabolize and remove inhibitory compounds from pretreated rice hulls, which comprise a readily available agricultural residue rich in glucose (0.32–0.33 g glucan/g hulls) and xylose (0.15–0.19 g xylan/g hulls). Samples were dilute-acid pretreated and subjected to bioabatement of inhibitors by C. ligniaria. The bioabated rice hull hemicellulose hydrolyzates were then utilized for ethanol fermentations. In bioabated liquors, glucose was converted to 0.58% (w/v) ethanol by Saccharomyces cerevisiae D5a at 100% of theoretical yield, while fermentations of unabated hydrolyzates either failed to exit lag phase or had reduced ethanol yield (80% of theoretical). In fermentations using ethanologens engineered for conversion of pentoses, bioabatement of hydrolyzates similarly improved fermentations. Fermentation of xylose and arabinose by ethanologenic Escherichia coli FBR5 yielded 2.25% and 0.05% (w/v) ethanol from bioabated and unabated samples, respectively. Fermentations using S. cerevisiae YRH400 had decreased fermentation lag times in bioabated hydrolyzates. However, xylose metabolism in S. cerevisiae YRH400 was strongly affected by pH and acetate concentration.     

Comparative studies on the electrochemical and physicochemical behaviour of three different benzimidazole motifs as corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in hydrochloric acid

This paper examines the anticorrosion characteristics of three different benzimidazole derivatives towards mild steel in 0.5?M hydrochloric acid at temperature ranges from 303 to 323?K. The benzimidazole derivatives used for the screening studies are 2-(2-methyl-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl) acethydrazide (EMBAH), 2-(2-ethyl-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl) acethydrazide (EEBAH) and 2-(2-propyl-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl) acethydrazide (EPBAH). The corrosion inhibition was investigated by weight loss, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and potentiodynamic polarization studies. The adsorption interaction between metal and inhibitor followed Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The Gibb’s free energy values clarify the spontaneous nature of adsorption process. The temperature dependence of inhibition efficiency was explained by considering thermodynamic parameters of adsorption and kinetic parameters of corrosion. These inhibitors showed good efficiency at lower as well as moderately higher temperatures. Quantum chemical calculations were done using DFT at the B3LYP/6-31G¹ level to study the electronic properties of the molecules for correlating the inhibitive effect and molecular structure.     

Novel Therapeutic Opportunities in Neoadjuvant Setting in Urothelial Cancers: A New Horizon Opened by Molecular Classification and Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors

Muscle invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) is a widespread malignancy with a worse prognosis often related to a late diagnosis. For early-stage MIBC pts, a multidisciplinary approach is mandatory to evaluate the timing of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) and surgery. The current standard therapy is platinum-based NAC (MVAC-methotrexate, vinblastine, doxorubicin, and cisplatin or Platinum–Gemcitabine regimens) followed by radical cystectomy (RC) with lymphadenectomy. However, preliminary data from Vesper trial highlighted that dose-dense NAC MVAC is endowed with a good pathological response but shows low tolerability. In the last few years, translational-based research approaches have identified several candidate biomarkers of NAC esponsiveness, such as ERCC2, ERBB2, or DNA damage response (DDR) gene alterations. Moreover, the recent consensus MIBC molecular classification identified six molecular subtypes, characterized by different sensitivity to chemo- or targeted or immunotherapy, that could open a novel procedure for patient selection and also for neoadjuvant therapies. The Italian PURE-01 phase II Trial extended data on efficacy and resistance to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors (ICIs) in this setting. In this review, we summarize the most relevant literature data supporting NAC use in MIBC, focusing on novel therapeutic strategies such as immunotherapy, considering the better patient stratification and selection emerging from novel molecular classification.     

Inhibition effects of LAB and LABS on iron corrosion in chlorine solutions at different temperatures

In this study, the corrosion of iron is studied using gravimetric and potentiodynamic polarization method at different temperatures and at pH 9 level in 0.1 M NaCl solutions containing different concentrations of linear alkyl benzene (LAB) and linear alkyl benzene sulphonate (LABS). Potentiodynamic polarization experiments show that corrosion rate in presence and absence of LAB and LABS increases with increasing temperature from 303 to 338 K. The corresponding activation energies are determined. Moreover, the protective film formation on metal surface is investigated by means of FTIR. It has been concluded from the results that LABS is more effective in preventing iron corrosion than LAB.     

冠心病患者支架植入术后氯吡格雷与不同质子泵抑制剂联合治疗的疗效比较

目的探讨不同质子泵抑制剂对氯吡格雷抗血小板作用的影响。方法286例在我院实施冠状动脉支架植入术的患者随机分为奥美拉唑40mg/d+氯吡格雷75mg/d组(146例)和泮托拉唑40mg/d+氯吡格雷75mg/d组(140例),连续用药30d,观察主要不良心脑血管事件。结果奥美拉唑组心性死亡、非致死性急性心肌梗死、紧急靶血管血运重建、脑卒中发生率分别为1.37%、2.05%、3.42%、0.68%;泮托拉唑组分别为0.71%、2.85%、2.85%、0.71%,两组无统计学差异(P>0.05)。奥美拉唑组主要不良心脑血管事件、急性亚急性血栓形成发生率分别为7.53%、1.37%,泮托拉唑组分别为7.14%、0.71%,两组亦无统计学差异(P>0.05)。两组出血事件发生率分别为9(6.16%)和9(6.42%),差异无统计学意义(P=0.926)。结论冠心病患者支架植入术后采用氯吡格雷联合奥美拉唑或泮托拉唑治疗的近期疗效相近。