Environmental etch performance, and scratch and mar of automotive clearcoats

Environmental etch damage to automotive coatings, and scratch and mar of these coatings are an important element of customer satisfaction as well as a significant warranty repair consideration for automotive companies. The conditions that result in environmental etch are examined and a laboratory test proposed. Data from this test are compared to automotive hoods exposed in Florida. The performance of various crosslinking chemistries is discussed and the requirements for improved environmental etch are outlined. Scratch and mar performance of these systems is also reviewed. We have found that coatings respond to physical stress by elastic recovery, by plastic flow and by brittle fracture. Classifying types of damage in this way is important for understanding the chemistry needed for improved scratch and mar of coatings.     

Surface chemistry and kinetics of the hydrolysis of isocyanic acid on anatase

In order to meet the stricter NO_x and particulate emission limits for commercial vehicles, the selective catalytic reduction (SCR) with urea is currently seen having the highest potential. The conversion of urea into ammonia and carbon dioxide consists of two consecutive reactions, in which isocyanic acid is an intermediate that is hydrolyzed over TiO₂. The intrinsic kinetics and the surface chemistry for this reaction are explored. Up to a temperature of 132 °C the reaction was in the intrinsic kinetic regime (E_A = 73 kJ/mol), while at higher temperatures the reaction was limited by pore and external diffusion constraints, respectively. In the presence of NO, NH₃ and NO₂, the catalytic activity was negatively influenced, increasing in severity in the sequence mentioned indicating that nitrates formed from NO₂ were most effective in blocking cations and anions of TiO₂. IR spectroscopy indicates that dissociative adsorption of HNCO on TiO₂ forms Ti–NCO and hydrogen bonded OH species. In the presence of water, isocyanic acid was so rapidly hydrolyzed that only adsorbed ammonia was observed on the catalyst surface. The presence of NO, NH₃ and NO₂ retards hydrolysis leading to the appearance of isocyanate species on the surface.     

Crosslinked acrylic pressure sensitive adhesives. 3. Effect of adherend on film formation

The reaction of isocyanate in pressure sensitive adhesive (PSA) films adhered on to various adherends having different surface tensions was monitored by depth profiling using attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy.In the latter stages of crosslinking reaction, unreacted isocyanate and its derivatives exist more in the bulk of the PSA than in the interfaces between PSA and adherends which are Teflon sheet and PE film having relatively lower surface tensions. In the case of using stainless steel having relatively higher surface tension as adherend, opposite segregation was observed compared to Teflon and PE.From X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), it was revealed that N atoms exist more in surface than in bulk when stainless steel is used as adherend. We conclude that polyisocyanates migrate in the PSA film in order to minimize the magnitude of interfacial free energy between the PSA and the adherend, which leads to the change of surface tension of PSA film.     

高性能涂料用聚氨酯─—’99欧洲涂料研讨会论文简介

通过对主题为“高性能涂料用聚氨酯”的’99欧洲涂料研讨会的论文介绍,简单介绍了聚氨酯涂料及其原材料方面的最新研究进展及其发展方向。     

Rigid Polyurethane Foam Production from Palm Oil-Based Epoxidized Diethanolamides

A new type of rigid polyurethane foam was produced by incorporating oxazolidone heterocyclic rings on to polyurethane backbones. Epoxidized diethanolamides were synthesized by reacting palm oil blends of epoxidized palm olein and refined bleached deodorized palm kernel olein with diethanolamine to produce rigid polyurethane foams. Epoxides, retained in the diethanolamides, reacted with isocyanate during foam production in the presence of AlCl₃–THF complex catalyst to form oxazolidone linkages in the polyurethane network. The carbonyl stretch of oxazolidone was identified at 1,750 cm⁻¹ through Fourier Transform Infra Red analysis. Chemical modifications of the polyurethane network also improved the thermal and mechanical properties of the foams. In addition, isocyanate index 1.4 was determined to be the most suitable in the production of foams from this newly synthesized epoxidized diethanolamides.     

己内酰胺复配异氰酸酯改性蒙脱土的制备与表征

以己内酰胺(CL)为插层剂,二苯基甲烷-4,4'-二异氰酸酯(MDI)为改性剂,制备己内酰胺复配异氰酸酯改性钠基蒙脱土(Na-MMT).将复配改性制得的有机蒙脱土再与Na-MMT、己内酰胺插层的Na-MMT和异氰酸酯(MDI)改性的Na-MMT进行对比研究.利用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱(ICP-OES)、能量色散偏振X射线荧光光谱仪(XRF)、红外光谱(FTIR)、热重分析(TG)和电子显微镜(TEM)对改性前后的Na-MMT进行表征.结果表明,己内酰胺能进入水溶胀的Na-MMT层间,但对层间阳离子(Na+)含量影响不大;MDI能与MMT外表面和端面吸附的水反应生产取代脲对MMT进行有机包覆,而对MMT的分散和层间阳离子含量影响不大;只有己内酰胺复配MDI改性的MMT,其层间阳离子含量显著降低,且微观上呈纳米级分散.     

聚氨酯中游离—NCO 分析的研究

本文介绍了在醋酸酸性条件下,以 P-N,N-二甲氨基苯甲醛(DMAB)为显色剂,N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)为溶剂,用分光光度法测定聚氨酯中残留游离-NCO 基的方法。大量试样的测定结果表明,当-NCO在10~1～10~3ppm 范围内,该方法的相对标准偏差在5%左右,分析准确度和精密度得到满意的结果。     

Effect of processing on the rheological properties of poly-urethane/urea bituminous products

In this work, bitumen modification, by “in situ” formation of poly-urethane/urea-based polymers in the bituminous matrix, has been studied. This procedure consisted of a first modification by the addition of MDI-PPG reactive prepolymer (polypropylene-glycol, PPG, functionalized by polymeric MDI, 4,4′-diphenylmethane diisocyanate), in a first stage, and a further modification of the new bitumen-MDI-PPG molecules as water was added, in a second stage. Thin layer chromatography, TLC-FID, and infrared spectroscopy, FTIR, techniques have been used to follow the reactions occurring in four different types of bitumen. Rheological measurements have demonstrated that the resulting bitumen modification strongly depends on the processing conditions selected during the first stage. Thus, bitumen modification degree after water addition increases as processing time does. Furthermore, water addition has been found to promote bitumen foaming at low processing temperatures, which could be used in novel applications where a foamed binder is required. As a result, a reactive bitumen modification mechanism, involving a set of three chemical reactions, has been proposed.     

预聚体NCO质量分数与PU乳液性能关系的研究

讨论了乳化前预聚体的NCO质量分数对聚氨酯乳液性能的影响。研究结果表明，对本阳离子型聚氨酯乳液体系而言，NCO质量分数在1％~2％范围内时，乳液的综合性能最佳。     

国产异氰酸酯(PM-2010)在冰箱隔热方面的应用研究

以国产异氰酸酯（PM-2010）和进口产品PAPI-135为研究对象，探讨了在相同工艺条件下比较两种原材料的反应活性，流动性及泡沫性能。结果表明二者在关系到冰箱基本性能的指标上都比较接近，国产异氰酸酯（PM-2010）可以替代进口产品用于冰箱隔热材料。