Quality of dried haskap berries (Lonicera caerulea L.) as affected by prior juice extraction,osmotic treatment,and drying conditions

The effect of juice extraction conditions on the quality of haskap berries (Lonicera caerulea L.) dried at different temperatures (60, 100, and 140°C) was investigated. The conventional juice extraction (process A) consisted of a two-press process, where thawed berries were pressed, and osmotic treatment was applied before pressing again. This was compared with a modified extraction (process B), which applied osmotic treatment during fruit thawing and only one press was used for extraction. The quality parameters investigated included moisture content, pressed berry yield, extraction loss, drying yield, total anthocyanin content (TAC), vitamin C content, and the rehydration characteristics of the final dried berries. Pressing the berries to 70% juice yield resulted in a higher pressed berry yield and better physicochemical quality in the pressed product. The yield was 26.39 and 28.92% in the conventional and modified extraction, with moisture contents of 70.32 and 77.75%, respectively. The TACs of pressed berries from extraction processes A and B were 24.62 and 33.03?mg C-3-G g^?1 DW and the vitamin C contents were 14.14 and 36.18?mg/100?g, respectively. Drying at 60°C until 25% moisture content was better than at higher temperatures, resulting in a better quality dried product. It revealed drying yields of 45.32 and 52.75%, TACs of 4.00 and 4.30?mg C-3-G g^?1 DW, vitamin C contents of 2.97 and 4.91?mg /100?g, and rehydration ratios of 2.22 and 2.37 from processes A and B, respectively. Process B with the one-step extraction is recommended for higher pressed berry yield, higher drying yield, and enhanced quality of the pressed and dried products. It is also a more efficient process, in terms of time, cost, and energy.     

无机陶瓷纳滤膜法精制金银花水提液的试验研究

选择孔径为100nm的无机陶瓷纳滤膜对金银花水提液进行了分离提纯试验,考察了操作压力、料液循环流速、料液温度及料液浓度等操作参数对无机陶瓷纳滤膜分离性能的影响,为工业实际应用提供依据.研究结果表明,孔径为100nm的无机陶瓷纳滤膜对金银花水提液中的蛋白质、多糖等杂质的去除效果要明显优于传统的水提醇沉方法,而对有效成分绿原酸的影响较小,能够达到金银花水提液的精制要求,所需时间也大大缩短.随着料液温度及循环流速的增加,稳态渗透通量有显著提高;同时料液浓度的降低也有助于提高稳态渗透通量.但稳态渗透通量并不随着操作压力的增加而成比例增加.     

金银花冲泡浸提的影响因素分析及状态参数优化

以提高水液中的营养成分和风味为目的，用保温杯冲泡，加盖水浸提金银花试验，探讨了冲泡浸提时间A、冲泡水温度B和溶媒浓度C等3个参数对液中的氨基酸浓度、可溶性固形物含量和pH值的影响。分析表明：冲泡水温度是阻碍金银花中的水溶性成分浸出的主要因素；冲泡浸提5min，水溶性成分大部分已浸出；增大溶媒浓度可提高冲泡浸提过程的推动力，加快水溶性成分浸出速度，但水液中的营养成分浓度或含量比例下降。通过均匀设计法优化的最佳冲泡浸提参数：溶媒浓度为15.5-18.7:1，冲泡水温度为77.5-95℃，浸提时间为2.5-18.1min。     

Effects of gamma irradiation on color characteristics and biological activities of extracts of Lonicera japonica (Japanese honeysuckle) with methanol and acetone

Effects of gamma irradiation on the color characteristic and biological activities of methanol and acetone extracts of Lonicera japonica (Japanese honeysuckle) irradiated at 0, 10, 20, and 30 kGy were investigated. Hunter color L^*- and a^*-value increased by irradiation in a dose-dependent manner, resulting in it being lighter than the nonirradiated, while Hunter color b^*-values decreased by irradiation (P<0.05). The extracts from L. japonica showed an inhibition effect against tyrosinase, xanthine oxidase and the nitrite scavenging ability. Tyrosinase inhibition effect of L. japonica was higher in the irradiated sample than the nonirradiated, and the effect was increased by irradiation doses. The L. japonica extracts had a higher inhibitory effect against xanthine oxidase, and the effect was not changed by irradiation. Nitrite scavenging activity was the highest in L. japonica extract at pH 1.2. The difference between solvents used was not detected. Thus, gamma irradiation may have no influence on the biological activities of the L. japonica extracts except for the tyrosinase inhibition effect when irradiated up to 30 kGy.     

金银花不同贮藏时期有效成分与抗氧化力的研究

采用生物化学分析法研究金银花不同贮藏时期的有效成分与抗氧化力。金银花采后常规贮藏1个月,其所含绿原酸和总黄酮下降显著;3个月后上述两种物质的含量为原来的50%～60%。其总抗氧化力下降趋势与之相同,且更为显著。金银花有效成分含量与总抗氧化力显著相关,金银花采后的贮藏情况对保持其抗氧化力非常重要。     

大孔树脂纯化灰毡毛忍冬中绿原酸的研究

研究了大孔树脂纯化灰毡毛忍冬绿原酸的性能.结果表明大孔树脂NKA-9可用于灰毡毛忍冬中绿原酸粗提物的纯化,其最佳工艺为:洗脱液为45%乙醇,样液浓度为20%,样液pH值为5,上柱流速为0.5BV/h,洗脱流速为1BV/h,洗脱液用量为4BV.     

高效液相色谱-蒸发光散射法同时测定山银花提取物中5种皂苷的含量

目的建立高效液相色谱-蒸发光散射法(high performance liquid chromatography-evaporative light scattering,HPLC-ELSD)同时测定山银花提取物中5种皂苷的含量的分析方法。方法采用Agilent ZORBAX SB-C_(18)(250 mm×4.6 mm, 5μm),以乙腈-0.1%甲酸溶液作为流动相进行梯度洗脱,流速为0.8 mL/min,柱温为30℃,漂移管温度为60℃。结果 5种皂苷(灰毡毛忍冬皂苷乙、灰毡毛忍冬皂苷甲、川续断皂苷乙、灰毡毛忍冬次皂苷乙和灰毡毛忍冬次皂苷甲)在一定范围内线性关系良好(r为0.9989～0.9999),回收率为95.74%～97.02%,相对标准偏差(relative standard deviation, RSD)为0.9%～1.4%(n=6)。结论本法简便、可靠、准确,适用于山银花提取物的质量控制。     

蓝靛果汁花色苷热降解动力学的研究

以新榨蓝靛果汁为试材,采用控制温度、调节pH值、连续充N2等方法,探讨蓝靛果汁花色苷的热降解动力学,为深加工条件的优化控制及保质期的预测提供科学的依据。结果表明:蓝靛果花色苷对热不稳定,花色苷的降解过程符合一级动力学反应。随着pH值和温度的升高,蓝靛果花色苷的热降解半衰期(t1/2)和活化能(Ea)显著下降,研究表明充氮气处理可以提高蓝靛果花色苷的稳定性。