真空制盐蒸发结晶器的设计与实践

真空蒸发制盐外热式强制逆循环轴向出料蒸发结晶器，经多个厂家生产应用实践证明是成功的，具有生命力的。这种新型结构，作为一项新技术新设备应加强研究，总结提高，推广应用。不断完善。文章从流体力学、结晶机理角度要求，到具体工程设计参数和材质选用。论述了该罐的特点。     

A study on crystallization kinetics of pentaerythritol in a batch cooling crystallizer

The crystallization kinetics of pentaerythritol (PeE) in aqueous solution in the presence of impurity or not in a batch cooling crystallizer was explored. Also, the solubility and the nucleation and crystal growth kinetics of PeE in aqueous solution were investigated. A second-order dependence of PeE growth rate on supersaturation is observed in pure PeE-water system. The crystal growth rate of PeE-water system in the presence of impurity is proportional to the supersaturation to the 3.5 power. The nucleation and crystal growth behaviors for PeE-water system in a batch cooling crystallizer were grasped according to Mersmann's criteria. The nucleation in this crystallizer was found to act with heterogeneous nucleation. In this system, it suggests that the crystal growth is controlled by a complex mechanism behavior of surface integrated and diffusion limited. Simplified relation was derived for calculation of mean crystal size of product crystals from the batch cooling crystallizer. The obtained relation was verified by a set of experiments.     

TRANSIENT ANALYSIS OF CRYSTALLIZATION: EFFECT OF THE SIZE DEPENDENT GROWTH RATE

The dynamics of the crystal size distribution in a continuous mixed suspension, mixed product removal crystallizer is modeled stochastically. The model is fairly general in that it involves a size-dependent growth rate function: this size-dependent growth rate as a possible cause of deviation on the behavior of the crystallizer from that of an idealized or simplified counterpart has been investigated based upon the model.     

Zero-<Emphasis Type="Italic">trans</Emphasis> shortening using palm stearin and rice bran oil

Several pilot-scale trials reported in this paper, using palm stearin-rice bran oil (PS-RBO) blends, obviously did not contain trans FA (TFA), whereas the commercial products were found to contain 18–27% TFA. The effects of processing conditions such as rate of agitation, crystallization temperature, and composition of the blends on the crystal structure of shortenings were studied. The products were evaluated for their physicochemical characteristics using DSC, X-ray diffraction (XRD), HPLC, and FTIR techniques. The formulation containing 50% PS and 50% RBO showed melting and cooling characteristics similar to those of hydrogenated commercial “vanaspati” samples. Analysis of the FA composition revealed that the formulated shortenings contained 15–19% C_18∶2 PUFA. Tocopherol and tocotrienol contents of the experimental shortenings were in the range of 850–1000 ppm with oryzanol content up to 0.6%. XRD studies demonstrated that the crystal form in the shortenings was predominantly the most stable β′ form, and there was less of the undesirable β form.     

同时发生初次和二次成核且为聚结控制的沉淀过程多定态及稳定性分析

The possibility of multiplicity in an isothermal continuous mixed suspension-mixed product removal crystallizer is explored using the bifurcation theory.A process involving agglomeration controlled precipitation is considered in which secondary nucleation occurs simultaneously with primary nucleation.The determinant equations for the existence of multiple steady states are developed and the multiplicity boundaries dependent on the physical and kinetic properties and operational parameters of the process are obtained by resolving these determinant equations.The number of steady states in the precipitator for various multiplicity regions is determined and the linear stability of these steady states is analyzed by using the Routh criterion.     

MVR浓缩硫酸铜技术在实际生产中的优势

为了适应市场需求,契合企业发展理念,实现企业发展目标,江西铜业贵溪冶炼厂电解车间打破单效蒸发生产硫酸铜的传统模式,自主设计了一套适用于硫酸铜生产的多效MVR蒸发生产系统,实现了节约能源、降低成本的目标。     

氯化钾结晶器搅拌选型探研

反浮选冷结晶氯化钾生产的关键在于DTB结晶器中的控速分解和控速结晶,而控速的关键在于搅拌器的调速,因此本文通过对搅拌工作原理、类型及机理的粗浅分析,在保证不影响分解和结晶速率的情况下选用合适的搅拌型式,生产实践证明:推进式轴流型搅拌较之折叶式径漉型搅拌在提高氯化钾产品的粒度方面有极大的优越性.     

连铸结晶器振动数据在线采集与处理的LabVIEW实现

本文以铸坯连铸生产现况为背景,在连铸结晶器振动在线检测系统功能的基础上,结合虚拟仪器与LabVIEW的优势,详细阐述了系统对结晶器振动信号的实时采集方案与实现步骤。同时,文章还对振动信号的数据处理做了详细说明,给出了数字滤波器的实现程序,以及通过傅立叶变换实现的频谱分析图。文章最后给出的实际工程应用中系统采集到的振动信号时域波形和处理得到的频域频谱,充分证明了用LabVIEW实现的振动信号实时数据采集与处理取得了良好效果。     

三聚氰胺装置分布管堵塞原因探讨

通过对OAT第一结晶器分布管堵塞原因分析,提出解决分布管堵塞的措施。     

煤制烯烃含盐废水近零排放技术的应用

与石油、天然气相比,我国煤炭资源更加丰富,发展新型煤化工产业是大势所趋。煤炭和水资源的逆向分布导致煤化工企业所在地水环境问题尤为突出。常规处理工艺难以实现废水达标排放和资源回用目标,需通过特定的近零排放技术工艺,将浓盐水进一步浓缩至盐结晶,产水全部回用,结晶盐外排作为固废处置。本文结合工程实例,介绍了某煤化工项目针对生产过程中产生的含盐废水所采取的近零排放处理工艺技术路线,其主要由含盐废水膜处理单元和浓盐水蒸发结晶单元组成。采用机械蒸汽压缩循环、强制循环降膜蒸发、高效传热和盐种等技术,同时对蒸发结晶近零排放系统进行改进和优化。装置实际运行结果表明：各项工艺参数指标及药剂和能源消耗量均达到设计要求,产水水质达到优质再生水回用标准,实现整套装置长周期稳定运行及废水近零排放目标。