Keramische Membranen in der Membrandestillation

TiO₂ membranes were successfully rendered hydrophobic (modified with perfluoroalkyl silanes) and evaluated by liquid entry pressure (LEP) measurements and membrane distillation (MD) tests. It was shown that the LEP is strongly depended on the pore size of the membranes and the feed composition. The obtained permeate fluxes were highest in vacuum MD. None of the membranes showed any sign of wetting during the experiments and salt retentions greater than 99.9 % were recorded and permeate qualities lower than 2 µS cm^?1 were achieved in air gap MD and vacuum MD.     

Klimaschonung durch Membrananwendung – Membrandestillation zur Erzeugung von pharmazeutischem Reinstwasser

Water is the most important medium in the pharmaceutical industry. The required water quality depends on the intended purpose and this in turn influences the effort involved in water treatment. Today, the production of pure water for use in the pharmaceutical industry is mainly based on multistage distillation and membrane processes, especially the combination of reverse osmosis, electrodeionization and ultrafiltration. Membrane distillation (MD) as a relatively new method is an alternative to these classic methods of pure and ultrapure water production. The treatment of pharmaceutical water from drinking water with the help of MD is presented. More specifically, the focus is on the suitability for pharmaceutical water treatment, the effect of different process parameters on the performance, and the possibility to reduce the specific energy demand.