Analysis of the mechanical performance of a cardiovascular stent design based on micromechanical modelling

Stents are very commonly used in the treatment of coronary heart disease. They are permanent vascular support structures that offer a preferred alternative to bypass surgery in certain situations. The purpose of this work is to examine the mechanical behaviour of a stainless steel balloon expandable stent design using computational micromechanics in the context of the finite element method. Deployment and cardiac pulsing loading conditions are considered. Classical phenomenological plasticity theory (J₂ flow theory) and physically based crystal plasticity theory are used to describe the stent material behaviour. Parametric studies are carried out using both constitutive theories with a view to determining important stent deployment characteristics such as recoil and foreshortening. Comparisons of the results obtained using both theories illustrate differences, with the crystal plasticity theory models showing closer agreement to published performance data. The implications of this for stent design are discussed.     

Multiscale finite element modeling of failure process of composite laminates

A multiscale nonlinear finite element modeling technique is developed in this paper to predict the progressive failure process for composite laminates. A micromechanical elastic–plastic bridging constitutive model, which considers the nonlinear material properties of the constituent fiber and matrix materials and their interaction and the damage and failure in fibrous composites at the fiber and matrix level, is proposed to represent the material behavior of fiber-reinforced composite laminates. The micromechanics constitutive model is employed in the macroscale finite element analysis of structural behavior especially progressive failure process of the fiber-reinforced composites based on a 4-node 24-DOF shear-locking free rectangular composite plate element.     

硅微机械音叉陀螺检测灵敏度与固有频率的关系

检测灵敏度直接关系到陀螺性能的优劣。并尝试用静电力调节敏感模态谐振频率，以提高检测灵敏度。     

恒定直流功率负荷下多晶硅微电阻电阻一时间特性测量

利用数字式恒定功率测试系统（ＤＣＰＳ）对多晶硅微电阻进行恒定直流功率负荷下电阻随时间变化特性的测量实验。用标准ＣＭＯＳ工艺和后续的腐蚀工艺制成悬浮结构多晶硅微电阻。测试结果表明,在恒定直流功率条件下工作的微电阻的稳定性由临界功率Ｐ_（ｃｒｉ）值决定,当负荷于电阻上的恒定直流功率Ｐ≤Ｐ_（ｃｒｉ）时,电阻值在负荷时间内保持常量;当Ｐ＞Ｐ_（ｃｒｉ）时,电阻值随时间增加而增加。临界功率值决定于流过电阻的电流密度、电阻结构尺寸以及环境温度。计算得到多晶硅薄膜的临界电流密度为 １０~５Ａ／ｃｍ~２数量级,不同于集成电路中的多晶硅薄膜的相应数值。     

High-temperature fracture of composite materials

The high-temperature fracture of composite materials containing strong particles is discussed on the basis of micromechanical models in which the recovery effect by diffusion of atoms is taken into account. The results of the calculations are compared with experimental results on 21Cr-4Ni-9Mn steels which consist of equiaxed grains containing rod-like M₂₃ C₆ carbide particles. The internal stresses acting in the particles and the grains are calculated on the basis of the model. The fracture mode of the material changes from transgranular to grain boundary fracture with increasing temperature, and the elongation of the material increases as a result. These experimental observations can be interpreted in terms of the calculation results of the constant stress model in which non-uniform distribution of plastic strain is assumed, but the calculated results of the constant strain model cannot explain the experimental results.     

Anatomical characteristics,microfibril angle and micromechanical properties of cottonwood (Populus deltoides) and its hybrids

Samples were prepared using stem xylem from cottonwood (Populus deltoides) and two cottonwood hybrids (P. deltoides × Populus maximowiczii and P. deltoides × Populus trichocarpa), which grew in Tennessee, United States. The anatomical characteristics, microfibril angle, and mechanical properties of the cell wall in juvenile wood (two-year-old) were investigated by means of microscopy image analysis system, X-ray diffraction, and nanoindentation (NI). The results showed that the double-wall thickness of the fiber cells in the hybrid poplars was thicker than that of the pure poplar, and the ratio of wall to lumen of fiber cell (0.40) of the P. deltoides × P. trichocarpa, which had the slowest growth rate, reached the greatest value among the three poplar clones. Their microfibril angles (MFA) of the cell wall in the investigated samples ranged between 11.5° and 16.7°, and they correlated positively with growth rates of the three poplar clones. The average hardness and reduced elastic modulus were 0.25 GPa and 8.58 GPa for P. deltoides, 0.28 GPa and 8.34 GPa for P. deltoides × P. maximowiczii, and 0.31 GPa and 12.2 GPa for P. deltoides × P. trichocarpa, respectively. P. deltoides × P. trichocarpa with the slowest growth rate had the greatest micromechanical values among the three poplar clones. In combination with growth characteristics of the three poplar clones, the findings of the analyses on their wood properties provided information-rich data that not only could describe juvenile wood properties but also could be used in selective breeding for the three poplar clones in Tennessee, USA.     

Micromechanical properties and microstructural evolution of Amosic-3 SiC/SiC composites irradiated by silicon ions

In this work, Amosic-3 SiC/SiC composites were irradiated to 10 dpa and 115 dpa with 300 keV Si ions at 300 °C. To evaluate its irradiation behaviour and investigate the underlying mechanism, nanoindentation, AFM, Raman and electron microscopy were utilized. Nanoindentation showed that although micromechanical properties declined after irradiation, hardness and Young’s modulus were maintained better under 115 dpa. AFM manifested differential swelling among PyC interface, fiber and matrix and SEM showed irradiation-induced partial interface debonding, which are both more obvious under 115 dpa. TEM revealed the generation and proliferation of amorphous regions, which is according with the decline and broadening of peaks in Raman spectra. The material was almost completely amorphous after irradiated to 10 dpa while recrystallization occurred under 115 dpa. All results mentioned above contribute to the decline of hardness and Young’s modulus and may explain why the micromechanical degradation was more significant under 10 dpa.     

挠性摆式微硅加速度计的有限元分析

】微硅加速度计是近年来发展起来的新型器件,在结构设计阶段必须对其进行力学分析,以期对使用条件下的摆片位移、应力等作到心中有数。本文采用有限元分析方法对挠性摆式微硅加速度计进行有限元分析,其中包括对未封装及封装后实体单元进行敏感轴位移、侧向位移、横向灵敏度、受力情况等分析。分析结果表明所设计的微硅加速度计符合仪表性能要求。     

Micromechanical modeling of the behavior of duplex stainless steels

The aim of the present paper is the micromechanical modeling of an aged duplex (austenite/ferrite) stainless steel. While the elastic properties of both phases are almost the same, the plastic mismatch between ferrite and austenite is high due to ferrite aging. Accounting for the complex micro and macrostructure of this material, three scales are investigated. The first one corresponds to each single phase. The second scale consists of a percolated (interwoven) network of both phases. The third scale is an aggregate of percolated bicrystals. For the first scale, each phase is modeled as a single crystal. In the second scale, F.E. simulations are performed on a unit cubic cell representing the percolated networks. A mean field model is then fitted in order to represent that bicrystal. This mean field model is used at the third scale to model the behavior of the aggregate of two-phase grains, using a model for multi-phase materials. At this scale, it becomes possible to represent the distribution of average ferrite stresses in each ferrite-austenite bicrystal. These variations are thought to be responsible for the heterogeneous damage nucleation observed in this material.     

Modeling of complex cyclic inelasticity in heterogeneous polycrystalline microstructure

Based on the crystallographic slip theory, a micromechanical model for polycrystal elasto–inelasticity is proposed and applied to describe the mechanical behavior of a such structure under monotonic and cyclic loading paths. Small strain theory and isotropic elasticity are assumed. Biaxial cyclic loading is of particular interest in proposed work. The kinematic hardening of the polycrystal is naturally obtained from the averaging scheme. In this scheme, we use a self-consistent interaction law. The proposed modeling effort is tested for a FCC metal under different loading situations in order to elucidate its capability. The obtained results show that this model reproduces appropriately the principle cyclic features such as Bauschinger effect, strain memory effect, ratcheting and additional hardening and other effects.