海洋菌株Mitsuaria sp. SH-50产嗜热性壳聚糖酶CsnSH50的酶学性质表征及其应用

实验室从中国海南滨海虾蟹养殖区泥土样品中筛选到一株高产壳聚糖酶的海洋菌株Mitsuaria sp. SH-50,优化后该菌株产酶时间仅为12 h,产酶活性可达26.6 U/mL。该研究对其胞外壳聚糖酶进行分离纯化和酶学性质表征并进行壳寡糖制备的小试放大试验,以期进一步明确该菌株在壳寡糖生产上的实际意义。结果表明：壳聚糖酶CsnSH50分子量约为41 ku,纯化后CsnSH50比酶活力为7 462.50 U/mg,最适反应pH值为4.5,温度为75 ℃,在pH值2.5~8.5及温度低于50 ℃条件下稳定性较好。最适条件下,稀释后CsnSH50的最大反应速率Vmax=29.41 U/mL,米氏常数Km=1.71 mg/mL,1 mmol/L的K+、Ca2+、Cu2+、Fe3+、Mn2+对CsnSH50的酶活力有明显正激活效应,10 mmol/L的Mn2+对其正激活效应可达412%。TLC和ESI-MS结果表明：CsnSH50水解壳聚糖的最终产物主要为壳二糖、三糖、四糖。小试放大试验结果显示：制备5%（m/V）壳寡糖溶液时,壳聚糖溶液的初始pH值3.5,温度75 ℃,水解120 min时壳寡糖产率达到92.1%,产物平均聚合度为10.2。综上,CsnSH50具有酶活性高、热稳定性好、耐酸等特性,同时是一种鲜有报道的嗜热性壳聚糖酶,具有良好的工业应用潜力。     

响应面法优化壳聚糖酶产生菌Mitsuaria sp.K1的产酶发酵条件

壳聚糖（chitosan）及其降解产物因具有优良的物理特性和生物活性而被广泛关注。通过平板透明圈初筛、摇瓶复筛方法,从青岛海岸土壤中分离筛选到1株产壳聚糖酶活性较高的细菌Mitsuaria sp.K1,并对其产酶发酵条件进行了单因素试验和响应面优化分析试验。结果表明：在最适培养基组成（1%粉末壳聚糖、0.5%硝酸钾、0.22%KH2PO4、0.1%Na2HPO4、0.15%KCl、0.05%MgSO4?7H2O）和最佳培养条件（培养温度25.2 ℃,培养时间25.4 h,起始pH值6.5,接种量3%,装液量100 mL/500 mL摇瓶,160 r/min）下,Mitsuaria sp.K1的发酵粗酶液最高酶活平均达11.56 U/mL,比优化前的2.17 U/mL提高了4.32倍。与前人研究结果相比,该菌发酵产酶温度降低了5～10 ℃,产酶周期缩短了23～47 h,因此具有工业发酵应用价值。     

Characteristics of a novel bacterial polysaccharide consisted of glucose and mannose as major components

A bacterial strain, designated KMBL 5781, producing a high level of extracellular biopolymer was isolated from soil and identified as Mitsuaria chitosanitabida based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences. The biopolymer was purified by the sequential precipitation using ethanol, cethyl trimethyl ammonium bromide and then ethanol again. Its molecular weight was estimated to be about 54.7 kDa by the MALDI-TOF analysis. GC–MS analysis revealed that it is a polysaccharide consisting of glucose, mannose and galactose with approximate molar ratio of 18:6:1. In lower concentrations such as 0.5% and 1% viscosities of the EPS solution was higher than that of the xanthan gum used as a control. At the final range of shear rate the viscosity of 0.5% EPS was 34 cP while 0.5% xanthan showed 19.8 cP. The 1% EPS solution at the same rate has shown 59 cP and the viscosity of 1% Xanthan was 35 cP. When heated from 20 to 92 °C, the EPS solution (2%) remain stable from room temperature until 60 °C and showed significantly higher viscosity at 92 °C than 2% xanthan. The EPS hydrogel (2%) was strongly stable, which released no water during the incubation at 4 °C for 20 days and even after the tubes containing the gel was centrifuged at 4000× g for 10 min. Addition of the EPS into the starch solution resulted in the increase the weight and volume of the gel.